THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO ABSOLUTELY EVERYTHING (ABRIDGED)

Two veteran science writers address a host of big concepts.

Geneticist Rutherford and mathematician Fry begin by describing a library whose books contain every possible combination of letters, spaces, commas, and periods. “Every possible” means “infinite,” so the library would fill far more than the cosmos. Infinity is a fascinating concept, vividly explained by many authors. Rutherford and Fry, however, employ it as a metaphor for the complexity of the universe, the difficulty of communication, the evolution of language, and the mechanics of Darwinian evolution. In the chapters that follow, the authors answer intriguing, if often oddball questions. What would an alien look like? Deeply unimaginative, Hollywood gives us either humanlike beings with swollen heads or “insectoid, human-sized, phallic-headed, acid-blooded, armour plated” monsters. The authors emphasize that almost all earthly life is tiny; bacteria dominate. The total mass of plants is vastly larger than that of animals. Basic science reveals that on any planet, flying creatures will have wings; living in liquid, they’ll be torpedo-shaped; on land, they’ll have legs, maybe four, six, or more. Some readers may be surprised to learn that two-legged animals are rare. Telling time seems straightforward, but it’s actually quite complicated. An earthly day is not only not 24 hours long; an average day is not 24 hours either. The sloshing of the Earth’s liquid core, the tug of the moon and planets, and even winds make the time of one earthly rotation “totally unpredictable.” Atomic clocks are the most accurate time-keepers, losing “less than a second every 15 billion years.” Throughout history, predicting the end of the world has been irresistible; surveys today reveal that 1 in 7 people think it will happen during their lifetime. After an amusing review of doomsday cults, the authors reveal the facts: The sun is slowly getting hotter and will render the Earth uninhabitable in roughly 1 billion years.

Compelling popular science with an ambitious underlying theme.