A fine historian fills in a major historical blank space.
An expert account of a historical rivalry long neglected by popular historians.
In his latest lucid work of ancient history, veteran British historian Goldsworthy, author of Pax Romana, How Rome Fell, and other notable books, tells “the story of ancient Rome and its rivalry with the Parthian and Sasanian Persian dynasties that presided over an empire with its heartland in modern Iran. Nowhere else did the Romans share a border with a state anywhere near as large and sophisticated for such a long period of time.” Although larger and stronger, Rome never conquered its eastern rival as it had Carthage, and alongside many victories were humiliating defeats. Mostly, however, there was peaceful coexistence. Of course, peaceful coexistence interested ancient scholars far less than war and politics. Goldsworthy works hard to describe the culture, religion, and economic life of ancient Persia, but readers will encounter a steady stream of military campaigns and bloody battles, and many will struggle to remember the names of innumerable kings, would-be kings, and details of dynastic quarrels. A war in the early seventh century ended with Persia’s king ruling over more territory than any of his predecessors, but around the year 630, armies of the Prophet Muhammad emerged from Arabia and conquered it in little more than a decade. Readers will appreciate Goldsworthy’s accessible prose and critical eye but quickly realize that almost everything is told from Rome’s point of view. The author rightly explains that this is unavoidable because Romans (Plutarch, Suetonius, Livy, and others) produced almost all the surviving histories. They were not impartial, but “the peoples who fought against the Romans left no accounts at all.” Scattered cuneiform tablets, pottery, rock inscriptions, and coins provide most of the contemporary evidence, with most histories from the Persian perspective written much later during the Muslim dynasties. Nonetheless, Goldsworthy produces yet another illuminating study.
A fine historian fills in a major historical blank space.Pub Date: Sept. 12, 2023
ISBN: 9781541619968
Page Count: 608
Publisher: N/A
Review Posted Online: May 27, 2023
Kirkus Reviews Issue: July 1, 2023
HISTORY | ANCIENT | MILITARY | WORLD | GENERAL HISTORY
Gessen is a Suetonius for our time, documenting the death of the old America while holding out slim hope for its restoration.
The National Book Award winner delivers a handbook for an age in which egomania is morphing into autocracy at warp speed.
New Yorker contributor Gessen, an immigrant from what was then the Soviet Union, understands totalitarian systems, especially the ways in which, under totalitarian rule, language is degraded into meaninglessness. Today, writes the author, we are “using the language of political disagreement, judicial procedure, or partisan discussion to describe something that was crushing the system that such terminology was invented to describe.” Against that, Gessen suggests, we now have an administration for which words hold no reality, advancing the idea that “alternative facts” are fine but professing dismay when one calls them lies. The step-by-step degradation of democratic institutions that follows is a modern-day rejoinder to the fact that more than half a dozen years separated the Reichstag fire from World War II. That’s a big buffer of time in which to admit all manner of corruption, and all manner of corruption is what we’ve been seeing: Gessen reminds us about Mick Mulvaney’s accepting handsome gifts from the payday-loan industry he was supposed to regulate and Ben Carson’s attempt to stock his office with a $31,000 dining-room set. Yet corruption’s not the right word, writes the author, since Trump and company are quite open and even boastful about what used to be a matter of shame and duplicity. The real tragedy, it seems, is that they have been so successful in creating what the author calls a “new, smaller American society,” one that willfully excludes the Other. Many writers have chronicled the Trump administration’s missteps and crimes, but few as concisely as Gessen, and her book belongs on the shelf alongside Timothy Snyder’s On Tyranny and Amy Siskind’s The List as a record of how far we have fallen.
Gessen is a Suetonius for our time, documenting the death of the old America while holding out slim hope for its restoration.Pub Date: June 2, 2020
ISBN: 978-0-593-18893-4
Page Count: 240
Publisher: Riverhead
Review Posted Online: March 14, 2020
Kirkus Reviews Issue: April 1, 2020
An erudite guide to the biblical world.
Revelations from the Old Testament.
“The Bible has no rivals when it comes to the art of omission, of not saying what everyone would like to know,” observes Calasso (1941-2021), the acclaimed Italian publisher, translator, and explorer of myth, gods, and sacred ritual. In this probing inquiry into biblical mysteries, the author meditates on the complexities and contradictions of key events and figures. He examines the “enigmatic nature” of original sin in Genesis, an anomaly occurring in no other creation myth; God’s mandate of circumcision for all Jewish men; and theomorphism in the form of Adam: a man created in the image of the god who made him. Among the individuals Calasso attends to in an abundantly populated volume are Saul, the first king of Israel; the handsome shepherd David, his successor; David’s son Solomon, whose relatively peaceful reign allowed him “to look at the world and study it”; Moses, steeped in “law and vengeance,” who incited the slaughter of firstborn sons; and powerful women, including the Queen of Sheba (“very beautiful and probably a witch”), Jezebel, and the “prophetess” Miriam, Moses’ sister. Raging throughout is Yahweh, a vengeful God who demands unquestioned obedience to his commandments. “Yahweh was a god who wanted to defeat other gods,” Calasso writes. “I am a jealous God,” Yahweh proclaims, “who punishes the children for the sins of their fathers, as far as the third and fourth generations.” Conflicts seemed endless: During the reigns of Saul and David, “war was constant, war without and war within.” Terse exchanges between David and Yahweh were, above all, “military decisions.” David’s 40-year reign was “harrowing and glorious,” marked by recurring battles with the Philistines. Calasso makes palpable schisms and rivalries, persecutions and retributions, holocausts and sacrifices as tribal groups battled one another to form “a single entity”—the people of Israel.
An erudite guide to the biblical world.Pub Date: Nov. 16, 2021
ISBN: 978-0-374-60189-8
Page Count: 464
Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Review Posted Online: Sept. 20, 2021
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2021
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