WHITE LIES

Sturdy biography of a Black journalist, writer, and reformer who moved easily, if sometimes stealthily, between two worlds.

Walter Francis White (1893-1955) was born in Atlanta to light-skinned Black parents whose multiracial heritage spoke to the complex genealogies of the Old South. “My skin is white, my eyes are blue, my hair is blond,” White would later write. “The traits of my race are nowhere visible upon me.” The absence of those traits allowed White and his family to survive the waves of lynchings that plagued the South. In his early 20s, he moved to New York, where he worked as an investigator and sometime journalist, often returning to the South posing as a White man to examine racially motivated murder cases. Baime ably depicts White’s lifelong Zelig-like abilities: He was at some of the signal events of his time, taking his place at the lead of the Harlem Renaissance, doing gumshoe work in the immediate aftermath of the Tulsa Massacre, weathering the Red Scare, and accumulating scores of friends. The author brings us directly into White’s fascinating world, in which Langston Hughes and Paul Robeson were frequent guests at salons White held in Harlem, while “George Gershwin debuted Rhapsody in Blue on Walter’s piano.” Active in civil rights as a leader in the NAACP, White pressed Franklin Roosevelt to support activist legislation to advance Black causes, which Roosevelt did not do willingly, fearful that “he would offend a power base of his own party, the Democrats’ Solid South.” Fortunately, Eleanor Roosevelt reached out to express her support, trying to persuade her husband to do the right thing—and adding another friend to White’s long list. He died too young, and he was almost immediately pushed into the back ranks of the civil rights movement, although he was the primary architect of an anti-lynching bill that has yet to clear the Senate, thanks to the opposition of Rand Paul.

A well-constructed life of a man who, largely forgotten, deserves pride of place in civil rights history.