THE WEALTH OF REFUGEES

Scholarly examination of the politics and economics of displacement.

Oxford professor Betts, a specialist in “forced migration,” opens by noting that the number of refugees and internally displaced people—i.e., those who remain in their homeland but not in their homes—is vast and likely to grow “due to a proliferation in the number of fragile states.” These states are made fragile both by internal political and economic failings and by external forces such as war, pandemic, and climate change. Two principal examples of nations affected by numerous forces at once are Syria and Venezuela, which have seen huge outflows of people. As Betts argues, one effective means of dealing with the problem of displacement is to apply remedies at home, with the wealthy nations providing aid to poorer ones so that their peoples have less need to go elsewhere—a win for both those poorer nations and wealthier ones in Europe and North America that are less and less inclined to take in large numbers of immigrants. The author calls for programs of infrastructure development and job creation as well as enlisting developed neighbors in a “high degree of specialization,” with those nearby states providing regions of refuge and “sustainable sanctuaries” given that those neighbors are likely to share cultural similarities that would allow for easier assimilation. Betts highlights Uganda as a case study of a place where refugees are allowed to settle and to engage fully in the outside economy, which has mostly good effects though some perhaps unintended consequences as well (Idi Amin drew support from those refugees to shore up a regime that oppressed native Ugandans). Given nationalist tendencies around the world, Betts notes, the Ugandan model may be difficult to apply. “In the short term, amid global recession,” he writes, “the willingness of publics and politicians to share scarce resources with distant strangers will be tested to [the] breaking point.”

A thoughtful contribution to the literature of humanitarian aid.