VIGILANCE

A deeply researched life of a Black Philadelphian who, using his considerable organizational skills, pieced together much of the escape route for enslaved people seeking their freedom.

William Still (1821-1902) has been called the “father of the Underground Railway,” a designation that he modestly declined to use himself. He was born into freedom, but a long-lost brother was not so lucky. History professor Diemer opens with an affecting and, it seems, entirely accidental reunion as Still’s brother came to the offices of the Anti-Slavery Society to seek information about other family members. Better-known figures such as Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass may have done the dangerous work of ferrying runaways across rivers and marshes a step ahead of the patrollers enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act, but it was Still’s fastidious bookkeeping and correspondence that located family members and delivered enslaved people from plantations to safe havens in places such as upstate New York and Canada. One daring rescue that benefited from Still’s keen sensibilities saw a young girl brought North through a cordon of Southern agents who were fooled by her being disguised as a young boy. Other rescues were aided by formerly enslaved people who, having made it to safety, used their skills to help others make their ways to New York and beyond. Interestingly, Diemer writes, Still at one point was an advocate of a kind of secession, observing that North and South had become two irreconcilably disunited countries. For him, too, abolitionism was only part of a complex campaign, “the beginning, not the end, of the struggle for Black freedom.” Eventually becoming “one of the wealthiest Black men in Philadelphia, mostly due to his success as a coal dealer,” Still also served as a rebuke by example of the flawed idea that free Black people were destined to become criminals, vagabonds, or wards of the state.

A welcome addition to the literature of abolitionism, spotlighting an important American.