Small ably traces how China went from partner to rival to threat and maps out the challenges that it now poses for the West.
A longtime China watcher takes a close look at the country’s ambitions, attitudes, and ruthless diplomatic and economic methods.
When China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, many policymakers believed the nation would become an honest trading partner and responsible global citizen. Now, however, the Chinese government is viewed as secretive, belligerent, and wildly ambitious. Whereas most of the world treats globalization as a framework for trade and growth, China apparently sees it as the basis for a hierarchy with itself as the dominant force. How, asks Small, who has worked for a range of policy think tanks, did this transition happen? He follows a number of connected themes, although he sees a major trigger in the attempts of the Beijing-backed firm Huawei to establish 5G infrastructure around the world, using it as a means of control. Australia was the first country to reject Huawei, and others followed. China responded with insults and threats of retaliation, which cemented its reputation as a bully. European governments had also become aware that China was buying up critical infrastructure assets and companies in other countries. Another issue was China’s complete rejection of any responsibility for the Covid-19 pandemic despite mounting evidence that it had started there. “As the Chinese government’s growing self-confidence has bled into hubris, and as the polished, pragmatic heirs of Zhou Enlai have made way for diplomatic thugs,” writes Small, “the clarity of the challenge posed by China has sharpened.” Though China has bought a few allies with financial aid, notes the author, there is no underlying trust. Meanwhile, anti-China coalitions are building. Beijing’s methods have created the very situation it feared: everyone against it. Some of the ground in the book has already been covered, but Small does a good job tying the threads together and providing historical context, making for a comprehensive, if worrying, text.
Small ably traces how China went from partner to rival to threat and maps out the challenges that it now poses for the West.Pub Date: Nov. 15, 2022
ISBN: 978-1-68589-019-3
Page Count: 336
Publisher: Melville House
Review Posted Online: Aug. 30, 2022
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Sept. 15, 2022
A short, smart analysis of perhaps the most famous passage in American history reveals its potency and unfulfilled promise.
Words that made a nation.
Isaacson is known for expansive biographies of great thinkers (and Elon Musk), but here he pens a succinct, stimulating commentary on the Founding Fathers’ ode to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” His close reading of the Declaration of Independence’s second sentence, published to mark the 250th anniversary of the document’s adoption, doesn’t downplay its “moral contradiction.” Thomas Jefferson enslaved hundreds of people yet called slavery “a cruel war against human nature” in his first draft of the Declaration. All but 15 of the document’s 56 signers owned enslaved people. While the sentence in question asserted “all men are created equal” and possess “unalienable rights,” the Founders “consciously and intentionally” excluded women, Native Americans, and enslaved people. And yet the sentence is powerful, Isaacson writes, because it names a young nation’s “aspirations.” He mounts a solid defense of what ought to be shared goals, among them economic fairness, “moral compassion,” and a willingness to compromise. “Democracy depends on this,” he writes. Isaacson is excellent when explaining how Enlightenment intellectuals abroad influenced the founders. Benjamin Franklin, one of the Declaration’s “five-person drafting committee,” stayed in David Hume’s home for a month in the early 1770s, “discussing ideas of natural rights” with the Scottish philosopher. Also strong is Isaacson’s discussion of the “edits and tweaks” made to Jefferson’s draft. As recommended by Franklin and others, the changes were substantial, leaving Jefferson “distraught.” Franklin, who emerges as the book’s hero, helped establish municipal services, founded a library, and encouraged religious diversity—the kind of civic-mindedness that we could use more of today, Isaacson reminds us.
A short, smart analysis of perhaps the most famous passage in American history reveals its potency and unfulfilled promise.Pub Date: Nov. 18, 2025
ISBN: 9781982181314
Page Count: 80
Publisher: Simon & Schuster
Review Posted Online: Aug. 29, 2025
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 1, 2025
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SEEN & HEARD
For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.
Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979
ISBN: 0061965588
Page Count: 772
Publisher: Harper & Row
Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979
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