SHADOWLANDS

Pensive, provocative account of the rebel seizure of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in 2016.

Poet McCann (Creative Writing/California Institute of the Arts; Thing Music, 2014, etc.) turns journalist and essayist at turns in this well-written, occasionally ponderous examination of the so-called Oregon Occupation, when members of a Latter-day Saints clan united with various alt-right and hard libertarian elements to take over a federal bird sanctuary in southeastern Oregon. The author takes pains to understand the ideas underlying the occupation: “Desires, urges, shadows, and types—our story begins with huge feelings, historical feelings.” Leader Ammon Bundy, who has since disavowed militia actions, came into the seizure with a complex set of religiously fueled ideas about the proper dominion of humans over the Earth coupled with the view that bringing a cow to a water source constitutes improving the land, thereby making it the domain of the person who owns the cow—a doctrine long ago dismissed in a West crisscrossed with lands in the public domain. Others worked from the theory that states supersede the federal government when it comes to what happens within their borders, a theory tested and found faulty 150 years ago. A tangled misunderstanding of the Constitution supports such views, but then, as McCann writes, “the Constitution has long been an object of fantasy,” holy scripture more often invoked than actually read. Throw in the “paranoid fringe” and assorted antinomians, and you have a recipe for disaster that fortunately did not end in a bloodbath—though the author wonders along the way whether there wasn’t a death wish at play in the minds of at least some of the participants, suicide brought on by despair and isolation: “Just you and the sagebrush, just you and the pines." In the end, McCann suggests, it was all just another lost cause but one not entirely without merit.

Students of modern environmentalism, federalism and its discontents, and extremist politics alike will find McCann’s on-the-ground reportage to be of great value.