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HOW SCHOOLS WORK

AN INSIDE ACCOUNT OF FAILURE AND SUCCESS FROM ONE OF THE NATION'S LONGEST-SERVING SECRETARIES OF EDUCATION

Duncan’s heart is in the right place—he’s for kids and against lies—but the specifics of his analysis remain open to debate.

The former Secretary of Education makes an impassioned plea for school reform.

Don’t let the blandness of the title fool you. The first chapter is titled “Lies, Lies Everywhere,” and its first sentence is “Education runs on lies.” So who is doing the lying? According to Duncan, pretty much everyone involved with setting and maintaining educational standards or representing teachers or overseeing the buildings or using the issue of education as a political football. “The truth is that we not only don’t value our teachers,” he writes, after suggesting that teachers unions resist educational reform. “It’s that we don’t value our kids.” It’s hard to argue against schools putting kids first, though many of the policies advanced by the author when he was in the cabinet of his fellow Chicagoan, Barack Obama, proved far more contentious. Their program was called Race to the Top, and “it challenged some sacred cows of the left: namely, that the teachers’ unions were loath to cede any power when it came to deciding how to pay, train or evaluate teachers.” It also placed a premium on data for assessment and accountability, though the author’s conversational tone here stresses classroom interaction rather than numbers. He also insists that the emphasis on standardized testing and Common Core standards has been misunderstood, partly because of some communication failures. Education was plainly an Obama priority, and the numbers under Duncan were often impressive, as performance rose and dropouts decreased. Yet there was contention from the left, from unions that are generally considered a Democratic stronghold, and from the right, where Obama faced tea party resistance on practically every front. Those who play politics with education are missing the big picture, he writes: “This is not about test scores, knowledge, or even school. It’s about life.”

Duncan’s heart is in the right place—he’s for kids and against lies—but the specifics of his analysis remain open to debate.

Pub Date: Aug. 7, 2018

ISBN: 978-1-5011-7305-9

Page Count: 240

Publisher: Simon & Schuster

Review Posted Online: June 17, 2018

Kirkus Reviews Issue: July 1, 2018

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A PEOPLE'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES

For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.

Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979

ISBN: 0061965588

Page Count: 772

Publisher: Harper & Row

Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979

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WHEN BREATH BECOMES AIR

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...

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A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.

Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.

Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016

ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6

Page Count: 248

Publisher: Random House

Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015

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