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RADICAL ORIGINS

WHY WE ARE LOSING THE BATTLE AGAINST ISLAMIC EXTREMISM--AND HOW TO TURN THE TIDE

Required reading for those who want to understand the connections between Muslims and terrorism.

A U.S. Army War College instructor shares his scholarship about the Muslim faith through the centuries to explain how a minority of Muslims became global terrorists.

In a book that is part chronological religious history and part contemporary political science, Ibrahim (The Rohingyas: Inside Myanmar's Hidden Genocide, 2016, etc.), a former British army paratrooper who speaks Urdu, among other languages, offers a refreshingly nuanced approach rather than a jeremiad. He quickly establishes that most Muslims oppose violence but that the exceptions are mostly young Sunni males. With convincing evidence, the author explains how the roots of most of the Islamic violence aimed at the United States and other target nations began at least a century ago in the region in and around Saudi Arabia. At first, the Saudi brand of the Muslim faith was known as Wahhabism; later, the philosophy of religious violence became known as Salafism. As Ibrahim rightly notes, the prophet of Islam, Muhammad, almost surely would not have endorsed terrorism, despite what some zealots preach. Those teachings have been corrupted by these fanatical warriors, most of whom are often ignorant of—or willfully distort—the fundamental principles of their faith. Although the author finds no logic behind the violence, he attempts to explain the thinking of renegade Muslims who endorse terrorism. Combating such terrorism, as carried out specifically by al-Qaida and the Islamic State group, is far from simple, but Ibrahim feels certain the current plans put in place by the U.S. government are counterproductive. Part of the refreshing nuance of the book comes from Ibrahim’s differing formulas for combating violence in different regions, including Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Pakistan, and Egypt. Throughout the book, the author writes clearly and accessibly, and he provides summaries at the end of each chapter. His section on the antidotes to violence is especially lucid.

Required reading for those who want to understand the connections between Muslims and terrorism.

Pub Date: Nov. 7, 2017

ISBN: 978-1-68177-548-7

Page Count: 336

Publisher: Pegasus

Review Posted Online: Sept. 13, 2017

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 1, 2017

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A PEOPLE'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES

For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.

Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979

ISBN: 0061965588

Page Count: 772

Publisher: Harper & Row

Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979

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WHEN BREATH BECOMES AIR

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...

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A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.

Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.

Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016

ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6

Page Count: 248

Publisher: Random House

Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015

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