An intriguing exploration of AI, which is advancing faster than—well, than we are.
The latest examination of the problems and pitfalls of artificial intelligence.
Computer scientist Christian begins this technically rich but accessible discussion of AI with a very real problem: When programming an algorithm to teach a machine analogies and substitutions, researchers discovered that the phrase “man – doctor + woman” came back with the answer “nurse” while “shopkeeper – man + woman” came back with “housewife.” An algorithm designed to examine and label photographs returned the caption “gorillas” when it depicted two African Americans. It happened that one of those men was a programmer himself, and he said, “It’s not even the algorithm at fault. It did exactly what it was designed to do.” In other words, the algorithm is returning human biases, just as algorithms do when examining criminal records that often lead to machine-assisted recommendations for sentencing that overwhelmingly give Whites lighter punishments than Blacks and Latinos and color calibration programs for TVs and movie screens that are indexed to white skin. So how to teach machines to be reliable and bias-free? Christian considers models of human learning, such as those developed by Jean Piaget, whom Christian finds off on a couple of key assumptions but still a useful guide. He recalls that Alan Turing wondered why machine-learning programs were geared as if the machines were adults instead of children. Children, of course, learn by mistakes and accidents and by emulating adult doings “that would lead to the interesting result,” but can a machine? On that score, Christian ponders how self-driving vehicles are taught how to be autonomous, making decisions that are logical—but logical to a machine mind, not a human one. “Perhaps, rather than painstakingly trying to hand-code the things we care about,” writes the author, “we should develop machines that simply observe human behavior and infer our values and desires from that—a task easier said than done.
An intriguing exploration of AI, which is advancing faster than—well, than we are.Pub Date: Oct. 6, 2020
ISBN: 978-0-393-63582-9
Page Count: 356
Publisher: Norton
Review Posted Online: July 15, 2020
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Aug. 15, 2020
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
An ebullient nature lover’s paean to birds.
A charming bird journey with the bestselling author.
In his introduction to Tan’s “nature journal,” David Allen Sibley, the acclaimed ornithologist, nails the spirit of this book: a “collection of delightfully quirky, thoughtful, and personal observations of birds in sketches and words.” For years, Tan has looked out on her California backyard “paradise”—oaks, periwinkle vines, birch, Japanese maple, fuchsia shrubs—observing more than 60 species of birds, and she fashions her findings into delightful and approachable journal excerpts, accompanied by her gorgeous color sketches. As the entries—“a record of my life”—move along, the author becomes more adept at identifying and capturing them with words and pencils. Her first entry is September 16, 2017: Shortly after putting up hummingbird feeders, one of the tiny, delicate creatures landed on her hand and fed. “We have a relationship,” she writes. “I am in love.” By August 2018, her backyard “has become a menagerie of fledglings…all learning to fly.” Day by day, she has continued to learn more about the birds, their activities, and how she should relate to them; she also admits mistakes when they occur. In December 2018, she was excited to observe a Townsend’s Warbler—“Omigod! It’s looking at me. Displeased expression.” Battling pesky squirrels, Tan deployed Hot Pepper Suet to keep them away, and she deterred crows by hanging a fake one upside down. The author also declared war on outdoor cats when she learned they kill more than 1 billion birds per year. In May 2019, she notes that she spends $250 per month on beetle larvae. In June 2019, she confesses “spending more hours a day staring at birds than writing. How can I not?” Her last entry, on December 15, 2022, celebrates when an eating bird pauses, “looks and acknowledges I am there.”
An ebullient nature lover’s paean to birds.Pub Date: April 23, 2024
ISBN: 9780593536131
Page Count: 320
Publisher: Knopf
Review Posted Online: Jan. 19, 2024
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Feb. 15, 2024
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
SEEN & HEARD
Alternately admiring and critical, unvarnished, and a closely detailed account of a troubled innovator.
A warts-and-all portrait of the famed techno-entrepreneur—and the warts are nearly beyond counting.
To call Elon Musk (b. 1971) “mercurial” is to undervalue the term; to call him a genius is incorrect. Instead, Musk has a gift for leveraging the genius of others in order to make things work. When they don’t, writes eminent biographer Isaacson, it’s because the notoriously headstrong Musk is so sure of himself that he charges ahead against the advice of others: “He does not like to share power.” In this sharp-edged biography, the author likens Musk to an earlier biographical subject, Steve Jobs. Given Musk’s recent political turn, born of the me-first libertarianism of the very rich, however, Henry Ford also comes to mind. What emerges clearly is that Musk, who may or may not have Asperger’s syndrome (“Empathy did not come naturally”), has nurtured several obsessions for years, apart from a passion for the letter X as both a brand and personal name. He firmly believes that “all requirements should be treated as recommendations”; that it is his destiny to make humankind a multi-planetary civilization through innovations in space travel; that government is generally an impediment and that “the thought police are gaining power”; and that “a maniacal sense of urgency” should guide his businesses. That need for speed has led to undeniable successes in beating schedules and competitors, but it has also wrought disaster: One of the most telling anecdotes in the book concerns Musk’s “demon mode” order to relocate thousands of Twitter servers from Sacramento to Portland at breakneck speed, which trashed big parts of the system for months. To judge by Isaacson’s account, that may have been by design, for Musk’s idea of creative destruction seems to mean mostly chaos.
Alternately admiring and critical, unvarnished, and a closely detailed account of a troubled innovator.Pub Date: Sept. 12, 2023
ISBN: 9781982181284
Page Count: 688
Publisher: Simon & Schuster
Review Posted Online: Sept. 12, 2023
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2023
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK TO SCREEN
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