An intriguing exploration of AI, which is advancing faster than—well, than we are.
The latest examination of the problems and pitfalls of artificial intelligence.
Computer scientist Christian begins this technically rich but accessible discussion of AI with a very real problem: When programming an algorithm to teach a machine analogies and substitutions, researchers discovered that the phrase “man – doctor + woman” came back with the answer “nurse” while “shopkeeper – man + woman” came back with “housewife.” An algorithm designed to examine and label photographs returned the caption “gorillas” when it depicted two African Americans. It happened that one of those men was a programmer himself, and he said, “It’s not even the algorithm at fault. It did exactly what it was designed to do.” In other words, the algorithm is returning human biases, just as algorithms do when examining criminal records that often lead to machine-assisted recommendations for sentencing that overwhelmingly give Whites lighter punishments than Blacks and Latinos and color calibration programs for TVs and movie screens that are indexed to white skin. So how to teach machines to be reliable and bias-free? Christian considers models of human learning, such as those developed by Jean Piaget, whom Christian finds off on a couple of key assumptions but still a useful guide. He recalls that Alan Turing wondered why machine-learning programs were geared as if the machines were adults instead of children. Children, of course, learn by mistakes and accidents and by emulating adult doings “that would lead to the interesting result,” but can a machine? On that score, Christian ponders how self-driving vehicles are taught how to be autonomous, making decisions that are logical—but logical to a machine mind, not a human one. “Perhaps, rather than painstakingly trying to hand-code the things we care about,” writes the author, “we should develop machines that simply observe human behavior and infer our values and desires from that—a task easier said than done.
An intriguing exploration of AI, which is advancing faster than—well, than we are.Pub Date: Oct. 6, 2020
ISBN: 978-0-393-63582-9
Page Count: 356
Publisher: Norton
Review Posted Online: July 15, 2020
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Aug. 15, 2020
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
An ebullient nature lover’s paean to birds.
A charming bird journey with the bestselling author.
In his introduction to Tan’s “nature journal,” David Allen Sibley, the acclaimed ornithologist, nails the spirit of this book: a “collection of delightfully quirky, thoughtful, and personal observations of birds in sketches and words.” For years, Tan has looked out on her California backyard “paradise”—oaks, periwinkle vines, birch, Japanese maple, fuchsia shrubs—observing more than 60 species of birds, and she fashions her findings into delightful and approachable journal excerpts, accompanied by her gorgeous color sketches. As the entries—“a record of my life”—move along, the author becomes more adept at identifying and capturing them with words and pencils. Her first entry is September 16, 2017: Shortly after putting up hummingbird feeders, one of the tiny, delicate creatures landed on her hand and fed. “We have a relationship,” she writes. “I am in love.” By August 2018, her backyard “has become a menagerie of fledglings…all learning to fly.” Day by day, she has continued to learn more about the birds, their activities, and how she should relate to them; she also admits mistakes when they occur. In December 2018, she was excited to observe a Townsend’s Warbler—“Omigod! It’s looking at me. Displeased expression.” Battling pesky squirrels, Tan deployed Hot Pepper Suet to keep them away, and she deterred crows by hanging a fake one upside down. The author also declared war on outdoor cats when she learned they kill more than 1 billion birds per year. In May 2019, she notes that she spends $250 per month on beetle larvae. In June 2019, she confesses “spending more hours a day staring at birds than writing. How can I not?” Her last entry, on December 15, 2022, celebrates when an eating bird pauses, “looks and acknowledges I am there.”
An ebullient nature lover’s paean to birds.Pub Date: April 23, 2024
ISBN: 9780593536131
Page Count: 320
Publisher: Knopf
Review Posted Online: Jan. 19, 2024
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Feb. 15, 2024
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
SEEN & HEARD
A virtuoso performance and an ode to an undervalued medium created by two talented artists.
The veteran actor, comedian, and banjo player teams up with the acclaimed illustrator to create a unique book of cartoons that communicates their personalities.
Martin, also a prolific author, has always been intrigued by the cartoons strewn throughout the pages of the New Yorker. So when he was presented with the opportunity to work with Bliss, who has been a staff cartoonist at the magazine since 1997, he seized the moment. “The idea of a one-panel image with or without a caption mystified me,” he writes. “I felt like, yeah, sometimes I’m funny, but there are these other weird freaks who are actually funny.” Once the duo agreed to work together, they established their creative process, which consisted of working forward and backward: “Forwards was me conceiving of several cartoon images and captions, and Harry would select his favorites; backwards was Harry sending me sketched or fully drawn cartoons for dialogue or banners.” Sometimes, he writes, “the perfect joke occurs two seconds before deadline.” There are several cartoons depicting this method, including a humorous multipanel piece highlighting their first meeting called “They Meet,” in which Martin thinks to himself, “He’ll never be able to translate my delicate and finely honed droll notions.” In the next panel, Bliss thinks, “I’m sure he won’t understand that the comic art form is way more subtle than his blunt-force humor.” The team collaborated for a year and created 150 cartoons featuring an array of topics, “from dogs and cats to outer space and art museums.” A witty creation of a bovine family sitting down to a gourmet meal and one of Dumbo getting his comeuppance highlight the duo’s comedic talent. What also makes this project successful is the team’s keen understanding of human behavior as viewed through their unconventional comedic minds.
A virtuoso performance and an ode to an undervalued medium created by two talented artists.Pub Date: Nov. 17, 2020
ISBN: 978-1-250-26289-9
Page Count: 272
Publisher: Celadon Books
Review Posted Online: Aug. 30, 2020
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Sept. 15, 2020
PERSPECTIVES
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