A timely, eye-opening study.
The disconnect between U.S. asylum policies and the reality of women fleeing gender-based violence.
Cleaveland, a social worker who since 2015 has been involved in assessing claims of asylum seekers, and Waslin, whose research focuses on asylum and immigration policy, make a compelling debut with this detailed analysis of the experiences of 46 women from Central America and Mexico seeking asylum in the U.S. The authors draw on interviews with the women and immigration attorneys, as well as the “pro bono psychosocial assessments” they have provided, at attorneys’ request, “to document asylum seekers’ credibility and to ascertain the impact of trauma.” Their observations of closed court proceedings and redacted asylum decisions contribute to a dismaying picture of the women’s plights both in their countries of origin and in the U.S. government’s “adversarial judicial process.” That process, the authors assert, “is informed by restrictive policies and the assumed ascription of illegality,” which became even more draconian under the Trump administration. Criteria for granting asylum, the authors reveal, were created for victims of political persecution, not for survivors of so-called private violence. Gender-based violence perpetrated by domestic partners or gangs is the reason for these women’s plea for asylum: beatings, rape, murder of family members, threats with weapons, incest, and child kidnapping. “Private violence,” the authors argue, is a misnomer for violence rooted in public factors: Political violence and the drug war exacerbate conditions for gender-based violence in countries where machismo culture normalizes women’s subjugation. Lacking educational and job opportunities and community support, these women feel they have no choice but to flee. After surrendering to border patrol agents, they are sent to demeaning detention centers and over several years undergo repeated hostile interviews to determine whether they have been traumatized enough to warrant asylum. Their harrowing stories amply support the authors’ persuasive argument in favor of systemic, humane immigration policy reform.
A timely, eye-opening study.Pub Date: Oct. 15, 2024
ISBN: 9781479824335
Page Count: 288
Publisher: New York Univ.
Review Posted Online: Aug. 17, 2024
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 1, 2024
A short, smart analysis of perhaps the most famous passage in American history reveals its potency and unfulfilled promise.
Words that made a nation.
Isaacson is known for expansive biographies of great thinkers (and Elon Musk), but here he pens a succinct, stimulating commentary on the Founding Fathers’ ode to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” His close reading of the Declaration of Independence’s second sentence, published to mark the 250th anniversary of the document’s adoption, doesn’t downplay its “moral contradiction.” Thomas Jefferson enslaved hundreds of people yet called slavery “a cruel war against human nature” in his first draft of the Declaration. All but 15 of the document’s 56 signers owned enslaved people. While the sentence in question asserted “all men are created equal” and possess “unalienable rights,” the Founders “consciously and intentionally” excluded women, Native Americans, and enslaved people. And yet the sentence is powerful, Isaacson writes, because it names a young nation’s “aspirations.” He mounts a solid defense of what ought to be shared goals, among them economic fairness, “moral compassion,” and a willingness to compromise. “Democracy depends on this,” he writes. Isaacson is excellent when explaining how Enlightenment intellectuals abroad influenced the founders. Benjamin Franklin, one of the Declaration’s “five-person drafting committee,” stayed in David Hume’s home for a month in the early 1770s, “discussing ideas of natural rights” with the Scottish philosopher. Also strong is Isaacson’s discussion of the “edits and tweaks” made to Jefferson’s draft. As recommended by Franklin and others, the changes were substantial, leaving Jefferson “distraught.” Franklin, who emerges as the book’s hero, helped establish municipal services, founded a library, and encouraged religious diversity—the kind of civic-mindedness that we could use more of today, Isaacson reminds us.
A short, smart analysis of perhaps the most famous passage in American history reveals its potency and unfulfilled promise.Pub Date: Nov. 18, 2025
ISBN: 9781982181314
Page Count: 80
Publisher: Simon & Schuster
Review Posted Online: Aug. 29, 2025
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 1, 2025
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SEEN & HEARD
For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.
Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979
ISBN: 0061965588
Page Count: 772
Publisher: Harper & Row
Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979
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