RED SCARE

A sweeping history of the campaign to suppress liberal dissent via blacklisting and harassment.

As Risen, whose histories have ranged from whiskey to the Rough Riders, writes, “There is a lineage to the American hard right of today” in the Red Scare of old. In fear that communists were everywhere in American society, police agencies went overboard to prove it, usually to no effect. For example, Risen writes, the FBI conducted 4.76 million background checks and investigated 26,236 individuals who held or applied for government jobs in the late 1940s and early 1950s, suspecting them of espionage. “Most were eventually cleared, but 6,828 people resigned or withdrew their applications, and 560 were fired. Not a single spy was ever discovered by the program.” Just so, while the House Un-American Activities Committee made news every day, as well as making household names of Joseph McCarthy and Richard Nixon, little evidence of spying and Soviet subterfuge ever emerged. In his deftly written history, Risen attributes the rise of anti-communist paranoia to an atmosphere of isolationism and conspiracy theory—there’s that lineage to today—as well as to an anti-labor movement that expelled leftists from the union rank and file and leadership alike; the postwar right also militated against gay rights and civil rights for Black Americans, and the “conservative turn that followed put a brutal end to those small hopes.” In his wide-ranging account, Risen portrays blacklisted Hollywood screenwriters, notes the rise of militaristic toys such as little green Army men, examines anti-communism in popular culture (with Mickey Spillane’s Mike Hammer mowing down 40 communists, crowing, “I shot them in cold blood and enjoyed every minute of it”), and closing with the pointed thought that the Red Scare was the product of fringe politics that somehow took center stage in American life.

An exemplary work of political and cultural history that invites a gimlet-eyed look at our own time.