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MULTITUDES

HOW CROWDS MADE THE MODERN WORLD

Ideological bias undercuts some interesting analysis.

An examination of the rich history of crowds in entertainment, sports, and politics.

A crowd can free people from restrictive social norms while creating a different, temporary set of connections, states Hancox, a London-based freelance journalist and author of The Village Against the World. He argues that crowds allow us to “embrace a bit of chaos in life: to let ourselves go with the flow of the crowd, in order to be more truly ourselves.” This engaging message seems persuasive as Hancox explores carnivals, soccer games, mosh pits, and other examples of crowds. Other parts of the text, however, appear to be primarily vehicles for Hancox’s ideological views; too often it seems he is selecting and shaping evidence rather than letting it speak for itself. For example, he frequently refers to French polymath Gustave Le Bon, who examined his country’s revolutionary violence in a book called The Crowd (1895) and concluded that crowds could easily turn into mobs and therefore had to be controlled. Hancox thoroughly disagrees and makes a fair case for his negative assessment, but devoting so much of his time to arguing with a book published in 1895 looks suspiciously like setting up an ancient straw man instead of providing contemporary examples of fallacious criticisms of crowds. Indeed, Hancox’s position seems to be that crowds connected to liberal or progressive issues are vibrant, articulate demonstrations of democracy, while those connected to right-wing causes are quasi-fascist mobs. He investigates an interesting phenomenon and offers a host of colorful anecdotes, but not all readers will want to wade through his left-leaning politics to find them.

Ideological bias undercuts some interesting analysis.

Pub Date: Oct. 22, 2024

ISBN: 9781804294482

Page Count: 288

Publisher: Verso

Review Posted Online: June 28, 2024

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Aug. 1, 2024

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THE RISE AND FALL OF THE ARTIFICIAL STATE

A deeply learned dive into the frightening visions of technocrats past and present.

The noted historian and New Yorker staffer looks into a future ruled by machines.

Thirty-odd years ago, writes Lepore, liberal democracies of old were being transformed into both authoritarian or autocratic regimes and by “automatocracy, rule by automation, government by machine-driven computation, prediction, and persuasion.” In this pointed rejoinder to Hannah Arendt’s Origins of Totalitarianism (1951), which foresaw a world in which humans were essentially superfluous, Lepore charts a long history that extends deep into the “machine age,” beginning in the 17th century, which saw “the artificial as existing not only outside the natural but above it, an improvement upon it.” In this conception, humans were fallible, while machines faithfully and unfailingly obeyed the rules set for them. A logical progression followed in the 1920s with the rise of the Technocracy movement, a variety of fascism widely accepted in the U.S. that held that far from being free and equal, humans should be governed by scientists and engineers who alone “have the intelligence and education to understand the industrial operations that lie at the heart of twentieth-century life.” It’s a short hop from there to the present, with tech billionaires pushing AI and, in the case of the influential “self-described ‘neo-monarchist’” Curtis Yarvin, a dictatorship aided by it. In all this, Lepore writes, it is not just the human animal that suffers but all animals and all habitats, which can only worsen with the incessant demands for energy, rare earths, and water that AI requires. And what “humans crave, in that artificial world, is nature,” a nature that is increasingly silenced. This undemocratic world, benefiting only the wealthy at the expense of all else, is a prison of screens and keyboards from which, she writes memorably, “What is required is to imagine an escape, and then to conduct it.”

A deeply learned dive into the frightening visions of technocrats past and present.

Pub Date: Aug. 25, 2026

ISBN: 9781324098423

Page Count: 320

Publisher: Liveright/Norton

Review Posted Online: May 18, 2026

Kirkus Reviews Issue: June 15, 2026

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WHEN BREATH BECOMES AIR

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...

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A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.

Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.

Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016

ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6

Page Count: 248

Publisher: Random House

Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015

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