A cogent analysis of an urban-growth phenomenon that is rarely done well or equitably.
Universities have become powerful forces in shaping modern cities, writes urbanist Baldwin, and rarely for the better.
The author, founding director of the Smart Cities Lab at Trinity College, begins in a largely Black neighborhood bordering the University of Chicago, an area being steadily swallowed by the growing campus, a process symbolized by the quiet expropriation of a Bronzeville historical site, a “blues shrine” called the Checkerboard Lounge. “UChicago’s backdoor deal,” writes Baldwin, “resuscitated almost a century of local stories in which the school had either demolished Black neighborhoods or built institutional walls to keep Black residents away from campus.” The temptation to become large-scale property holders is great. As Baldwin notes, given declining student revenues and decreased state funding, colleges and universities are finding that “urban development is higher education’s latest economic growth strategy.” The results are usually harmful to the people, almost always economically disadvantaged minorities and small business owners, who actually live in the downtown areas that universities are turning into “UniverCities.” In the case of Phoenix, the state university built downtown residence high-rises for students, then promulgated the notion that downtown was dangerous, a prejudice that already existed: “students had largely grown up in the suburbs, so they equated the city with danger, even though the [suburban] Tempe campus had higher crime rates.” The same is true in other cities: Chicago, New York, New Haven, the list goes on. Only when campuses venture into privileged areas does their growth sometimes falter: Baldwin cites the expansion of NYU into Greenwich Village that came under scrutiny only when local resident Matthew Broderick opposed it—even though an 8-year-old girl made the better case when she “wondered aloud why college students were incapable of taking a subway for a class or two when she took the train to school every day.” No matter what the opposition, though, the author identifies and critiques a trend that seems unlikely to stop.
A cogent analysis of an urban-growth phenomenon that is rarely done well or equitably.Pub Date: March 30, 2021
ISBN: 978-1-56858-892-6
Page Count: 272
Publisher: Bold Type Books
Review Posted Online: Dec. 21, 2020
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 15, 2021
A short, smart analysis of perhaps the most famous passage in American history reveals its potency and unfulfilled promise.
Words that made a nation.
Isaacson is known for expansive biographies of great thinkers (and Elon Musk), but here he pens a succinct, stimulating commentary on the Founding Fathers’ ode to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” His close reading of the Declaration of Independence’s second sentence, published to mark the 250th anniversary of the document’s adoption, doesn’t downplay its “moral contradiction.” Thomas Jefferson enslaved hundreds of people yet called slavery “a cruel war against human nature” in his first draft of the Declaration. All but 15 of the document’s 56 signers owned enslaved people. While the sentence in question asserted “all men are created equal” and possess “unalienable rights,” the Founders “consciously and intentionally” excluded women, Native Americans, and enslaved people. And yet the sentence is powerful, Isaacson writes, because it names a young nation’s “aspirations.” He mounts a solid defense of what ought to be shared goals, among them economic fairness, “moral compassion,” and a willingness to compromise. “Democracy depends on this,” he writes. Isaacson is excellent when explaining how Enlightenment intellectuals abroad influenced the founders. Benjamin Franklin, one of the Declaration’s “five-person drafting committee,” stayed in David Hume’s home for a month in the early 1770s, “discussing ideas of natural rights” with the Scottish philosopher. Also strong is Isaacson’s discussion of the “edits and tweaks” made to Jefferson’s draft. As recommended by Franklin and others, the changes were substantial, leaving Jefferson “distraught.” Franklin, who emerges as the book’s hero, helped establish municipal services, founded a library, and encouraged religious diversity—the kind of civic-mindedness that we could use more of today, Isaacson reminds us.
A short, smart analysis of perhaps the most famous passage in American history reveals its potency and unfulfilled promise.Pub Date: Nov. 18, 2025
ISBN: 9781982181314
Page Count: 80
Publisher: Simon & Schuster
Review Posted Online: Aug. 29, 2025
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 1, 2025
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SEEN & HEARD
For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.
Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979
ISBN: 0061965588
Page Count: 772
Publisher: Harper & Row
Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979
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