SUNNY DAYS

A cultural history of how children’s TV, once criticized for banal programming, changed dramatically in the 1960s.

In 1961, the chairman of the FCC asked, “Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to stretch, to enlarge the capacities of our children?” It was a question that Joan Ganz Cooney and Fred Rogers answered with a resounding yes. Each found jobs in newly established educational-TV stations, and, with determination and imagination, developed groundbreaking children’s shows: Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood, which made its national debut in February 1968; and Sesame Street, which debuted in November 1969, attracting an audience of some 2 million households. Drawing on news articles, oral histories, and the archives of the Children’s Television Workshop, Fred Rogers Center, and Jim Henson Company, longtime Vanity Fair contributor Kamp offers a brisk, lively account of the challenges faced by Cooney and Rogers in realizing their shows, the criticism that they incited, and the many programs that emulated their success, such as The Electric Company, Free to Be…You and Me, and ZOOM. Although different in tone—“slow pace versus fast, small cast versus large, low production values versus high”—both Mister Rogers and Sesame Street were shaped by findings in developmental psychology and pedagogy. Rogers saw himself as “the child’s adult friend” who “would introduce experiences of all kinds” and help children to articulate their feelings. Cooney and her Sesame Street team aimed to engage young children—especially those living in the inner city—in learning, with a multicultural, interracial cast. Getting Jim Henson on board “was a coup,” Kamp acknowledges. “The Muppets conferred upon the nascent show a visual and spiritual identity that would set it apart from other children’s programming: “furrier, featherier, weirder, cleverer.” Writing about the evolution of Sesame Street, the author reports some surprising blowback from feminists who objected to its portrayal of women and from viewers who complained “of both racism and reverse racism.” But nothing stopped the show’s impact on children’s culture. Questlove provides the foreword.

An appreciative and informative chapter of TV history.