WHEN CRACK WAS KING

A definitive report on how crack cocaine decimated the Black community throughout the 1980s and ’90s.

Journalist Ramsey chronicles two devastating decades when crack use was rampant and many entities turned a blind eye to the nationwide catastrophe. The author vividly recalls his adolescence in Columbus, Ohio, with “kids who grew up like me—poor and Black in the midst of the crack epi­demic.” When the epidemic finally subsided, Ramsey and many other survivors were left with “speculation and innuendo.” In 2015, he began deeply researching “the facts of crack—what it was, where it came from, and how it spread.” The author compassionately profiles four individuals whose lives were affected by crack: Elgin Swift, a White man who became an ambitious, self-made success story despite being raised by a neglectful addict father; Lennie Woodley, a former crack addict and Los Angeles sex worker who became a substance abuse counselor; Kurt Schmoke, the first Black mayor of Baltimore, who was both praised and criticized for his early plans to defuse the drug war with decriminalization; and Shawn McCray, a former Newark drug trafficker–turned–upstanding community leader. Interwoven with these intimately depicted, gritty stories is the history of Black America from the 1960s to the end of the 20th century. Ramsey shows how crack infiltrated and nearly snuffed out entire marginalized communities while an indifferent government stood by and legitimized its demonization. Though he acknowledges that survivors of the epidemic (particularly Black and brown people) rarely discuss it, the author dutifully shines much-needed light on this searingly traumatic ordeal. Each profile ends with the possibilities of hope and change, and Ramsey also dispenses provocative, convincing commentary on criminal legal system reform, social justice, the failures of drug policy, and the complicated relationship between disenfranchised communities and drug abuse in America.

Passionate, important reportage on a tragic era in American history from an author who lived through it.