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QUESTIONING SPIRITUALITY

IS IT IRRATIONAL TO BELIEVE IN GOD?

A philosophically astute challenge to the rational supremacy of science over its spiritual rivals.

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A nonfiction book makes a pragmatic case for the rational viability of a spiritual belief in a higher power.

Taylor observes that “religion has been declining, secularism has been surging,” especially among the educated classes that increasingly take their cues from the scientific community. Some in the religious community have contributed to this fate by refusing to cast their beliefs in the language of rational analysis and by often insisting on doctrinal views that are incoherent or contradictory. But the author also bemoans atheists’ tendency to adopt a different dogmatism, one no less close-minded, that refuses to acknowledge the limitations of the scientific worldview and the obvious attractions of a spiritual one, simplistically reducing religion to “superstitious mumbo-jumbo nonsense.” According to Taylor, there are opposing views regarding science and religion. He defends the position that “science and religion are potentially in conflict.” As a theoretical concern, the issue remains inconclusive. But it’s a different matter when converted into a practical issue since the goal in that situation is to make a concrete decision about one’s own good. And the spiritual life is attractive on this level—it can inspire hope and peace, provide an intelligible horizon for the search for meaning, and become a springboard to happiness and emotional health: “Spirituality is not the domain of the so-called unintelligent, superstitious, uneducated, and so forth. I sincerely hope that you have come to recognize the inherent advantages in living spiritually, but more importantly than that, I hope you choose to live a life that contributes to your own self-actualization.” Taylor’s treatment of the issue is not original—the emphasis on faith as a practical decision has a pedigree that dates back at least to the early 17th century. In addition, he tends to reduce faith to its quotidian benefits—at one point, he mentions studies that claim it helps you avoid junk food and “puts a smile on your face,” hardly the stuff of Kierkegaard. Nevertheless, he makes a compelling case that the scientific worldview—one that sees humans as “meat machines”—is inconsistent with people’s experiences of themselves and is not nearly as rationally superior as it is so often presented. This alone makes the author’s compact consideration a worthwhile read.

A philosophically astute challenge to the rational supremacy of science over its spiritual rivals.

Pub Date: April 1, 2023

ISBN: 978-1803413013

Page Count: 184

Publisher: O-Books

Review Posted Online: Nov. 7, 2022

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 15, 2023

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ON FREEDOM

An incisive, urgently relevant analysis of—and call to action on—America’s foundational ideal.

An examination of how the U.S. can revitalize its commitment to freedom.

In this ambitious study, Snyder, author of On Tyranny, The Road to Unfreedom, and other books, explores how American freedom might be reconceived not simply in negative terms—as freedom from coercion, especially by the state—but positive ones: the freedom to develop our human potential within sustaining communal structures. The author blends extensive personal reflections on his own evolving understanding of liberty with definitions of the concept by a range of philosophers, historians, politicians, and social activists. Americans, he explains, often wrongly assume that freedom simply means the removal of some barrier: “An individual is free, we think, when the government is out of the way. Negative freedom is our common sense.” In his careful and impassioned description of the profound implications of this conceptual limitation, Snyder provides a compelling account of the circumstances necessary for the realization of positive freedom, along with a set of detailed recommendations for specific sociopolitical reforms and policy initiatives. “We have to see freedom as positive, as beginning from virtues, as shared among people, and as built into institutions,” he writes. The author argues that it’s absurd to think of government as the enemy of freedom; instead, we ought to reimagine how a strong government might focus on creating the appropriate conditions for human flourishing and genuine liberty. Another essential and overlooked element of freedom is the fostering of a culture of solidarity, in which an awareness of and concern for the disadvantaged becomes a guiding virtue. Particularly striking and persuasive are the sections devoted to eviscerating the false promises of libertarianism, exposing the brutal injustices of the nation’s penitentiaries, and documenting the wide-ranging pathologies that flow from a tax system favoring the ultrawealthy.

An incisive, urgently relevant analysis of—and call to action on—America’s foundational ideal.

Pub Date: Sept. 17, 2024

ISBN: 9780593728727

Page Count: 368

Publisher: Crown

Review Posted Online: June 25, 2024

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Aug. 1, 2024

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THE 48 LAWS OF POWER

If the authors are serious, this is a silly, distasteful book. If they are not, it’s a brilliant satire.

The authors have created a sort of anti-Book of Virtues in this encyclopedic compendium of the ways and means of power.

Everyone wants power and everyone is in a constant duplicitous game to gain more power at the expense of others, according to Greene, a screenwriter and former editor at Esquire (Elffers, a book packager, designed the volume, with its attractive marginalia). We live today as courtiers once did in royal courts: we must appear civil while attempting to crush all those around us. This power game can be played well or poorly, and in these 48 laws culled from the history and wisdom of the world’s greatest power players are the rules that must be followed to win. These laws boil down to being as ruthless, selfish, manipulative, and deceitful as possible. Each law, however, gets its own chapter: “Conceal Your Intentions,” “Always Say Less Than Necessary,” “Pose as a Friend, Work as a Spy,” and so on. Each chapter is conveniently broken down into sections on what happened to those who transgressed or observed the particular law, the key elements in this law, and ways to defensively reverse this law when it’s used against you. Quotations in the margins amplify the lesson being taught. While compelling in the way an auto accident might be, the book is simply nonsense. Rules often contradict each other. We are told, for instance, to “be conspicuous at all cost,” then told to “behave like others.” More seriously, Greene never really defines “power,” and he merely asserts, rather than offers evidence for, the Hobbesian world of all against all in which he insists we live. The world may be like this at times, but often it isn’t. To ask why this is so would be a far more useful project.

If the authors are serious, this is a silly, distasteful book. If they are not, it’s a brilliant satire.

Pub Date: Sept. 1, 1998

ISBN: 0-670-88146-5

Page Count: 430

Publisher: Viking

Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010

Kirkus Reviews Issue: July 15, 1998

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