THE HOLLOW CROWN

A former senior adviser at the Department of State and analyst at the Defense Department argues for Shakespeare’s relevance in illuminating the workings of power.

As Cohen sees it, power infuses not only political life, but also universities, foundations, institutions, and business—wherever there is a hierarchical structure. Drawing on plays including Macbeth, King Lear, and the history plays from Richard II to Richard III, Cohen examines the arc of power: ways power is acquired, how it is exercised, and how it is lost. “Inherited power is the norm and is always perilous,” as Shakespeare shows, since the heir to power may be unequal to its demands. “Cunning and calculation and adroit maneuvering” is another path to power, as is seizure, which leaves the usurper fearful of rivals to a crown or a presidency. Cohen cites Julius Caesar and Macbeth as unhappy examples of the lust for power through seizure. Conspirators, Shakespeare shows, cannot succeed alone, but “must have a willing or at least a complacent victim.” Often, they ignore the consequences of their actions until it is too late. Cohen explores the exercise of power through inspiration (Churchill, JFK, Henry V), manipulation (Lincoln, FDR, Henry V once again), and murder, metaphorical—when a head is forced out—or bloody (Lenin, Stalin, Macbeth, Richard III). Innocence about the world, along with arrogance and complacency, combine to cause loss of power, which Cohen sees exemplified in the Henry VI plays, where a king is shown as out of touch with his country’s needs. In modern times, he ascribes the fall of Margaret Thatcher to the same forces. Sometimes, however, power is relinquished—with regret, or with dignity. For Cohen, Shakespeare underscores the connection of power to magic, theater, and charisma. “The exercise of power,” he writes, “is facilitated by trappings designed to impose awe.”

A thoughtful consideration of the complexities of power.