DEMOCRACY, IF WE CAN KEEP IT

A history of the organization that has fought to protect the Bill of Rights for the past century.

In 1919, in the aftermath of World War I, “xenophobia, racism, and the war between management and labor” erupted violently, leading to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union the next year. Dedicated to championing “in the highest courts the civil liberties of persons and organizations,” the ACLU has been involved in labor’s right to “picket, boycott, and strike”; Vietnam War dissent; civil rights infringements; women’s rights (in 1972, the organization tapped Ruth Bader Ginsburg to head its Women’s Rights Project); and suing on behalf of mental patients, the disabled, and prisoners, among many other issues involving its core mission to protect democratic freedoms. Cose, chairman of the editorial board of the New York Daily News and contributor to USA Today, Newsweek, and Time, draws on ACLU archives, interviews, and published sources to offer a thorough, balanced recounting of the organization’s often turbulent century. Throughout its history, it participated in some celebrated cases—e.g., the Scopes trial, testing Tennessee’s prohibition of the teaching of evolution; and the trial of the so-called Scottsboro boys, nine black youths charged with raping two white girls on a freight train in Alabama. The ACLU helped NAACP lawyers prep for arguments in Brown v. Board of Education but was otherwise not directly involved; in the 1960s, writes the author, “it had rarely been on the front lines” of racial issues. The Trump era has energized an organization pledged to remain nonpartisan. “As of early 2019,” writes Cose, “the ACLU had initiated 186 legal actions against the Trump administration, including 92 lawsuits.” In the 2018 midterms, it supported many ballot initiatives (and candidates) that had an impact on civil liberties. Cose traces the ACLU’s growth, management challenges, and philosophical conflicts, through which the organization has maintained itself as a strong defender of democracy.

A well-researched chronicle of democratic activism.