A thoughtful, uncluttered treatise considering Europe’s intractable patterns of unemployment, immigration and racism.
This nonacademic but erudite view of European history shows that the 20th century’s trauma of war and violence is not quite behind us.
Stratfor founder and chairman Friedman (The Next Decade: Where We've Been…and Where We're Going, 2011, etc.) examines the history of Europe’s geopolitical formation since the Ottomans seized Constantinople in 1453 for patterns that might explain the devastation of the two world wars and the unquiet peace since. On the cusp of World War I, Europe enjoyed the status of a “magical place,” the pinnacle of civilization in terms of science, politics and culture, but it was soon to be eclipsed by three decades of unimaginable bloodshed. The German sense of victimization and insecurity prompted this fabled country of “philosophers and cathedrals” to fill the space left by the collapsed institutions of the Weimar Republic with “blood, race and myth.” By the end of the misery of World War II, Europe was depleted and could not even feed itself without the aid of the United States. Moreover, it was via U.S. management that Europe regained its “pride,” as well as economy, from the Marshall Plan, which was supposed to create an irresistible economic integration that made future wars impossible. There was great optimism, even prosperity, within Europe until 2008, when, according to the author, two events changed everything: Russia went to war with Georgia and the financial system collapsed. Russia was relevant again, nationalism awoke, and some poorer nations (e.g., Spain, Greece) struggled mightily while Germany, reunited and wealthy, became the “arbiter” of economic crisis. What Friedman calls the “borderlands” again erupted in war and displacement—i.e., the “flashpoints” of the Balkans and Caucasus that continue to demonstrate that the “passions that had defined Europe prior to 1945 were alive and well.”
A thoughtful, uncluttered treatise considering Europe’s intractable patterns of unemployment, immigration and racism.Pub Date: Feb. 1, 2015
ISBN: 978-0-385-53633-2
Page Count: 288
Publisher: Doubleday
Review Posted Online: Nov. 14, 2014
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Dec. 1, 2014
For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.
Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979
ISBN: 0061965588
Page Count: 772
Publisher: Harper & Row
Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...
A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.
Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016
ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6
Page Count: 248
Publisher: Random House
Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015
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