A shocking, rousing condemnation of an industry clearly in need of better policing.
Of nightmare germs, sleazy dealings, and the big money that fuels the (legal) drug trade.
Investigative journalist Posner writes that big pharma “resides at the intersection of public health and free enterprise,” sometimes capable of lifesaving acts but often an agent of unbridled greed. The industry emerged in the 19th century with the need to care for wounded soldiers and new strains of epidemic diseases such as yellow fever and cholera. In the early days, firms had a lock on certain broadly applied medicaments—morphine, in the case of Pfizer. A century later, when physician Arthur Sackler came onboard, Pfizer had just a handful of salespeople; Sackler forged an army of thousands of them, fanning out to sell drugs he had developed, such as Valium, to a waiting audience. In time, Sackler came under federal scrutiny, a bête noire of crusading Sen. Estes Kefauver, who “was bothered by an industry where only a few firms dominated sales and had unfettered discretion to set prices.” Moving on to the family-owned Purdue Pharma, Sackler and kin refined techniques of secrecy and underreporting. As Posner notes, it was a firing offense for a salesperson to make notes on visits to doctors in writing, and what went on behind closed doors were all sorts of spoken inducements and rewards for prescribing and overprescribing the firm’s products, including OxyContin. Even in Kefauver’s time, the U.S. pharmaceutical industry was making many multiples more profit than other sectors of the economy, charging far more to American consumers and insurers than to those in other parts of the world. This was true of the AIDS-battling AZT, “the highest priced drug on the planet.” This remains true today, even as Purdue, heavily fined for its role in an epidemic of opioid-overdose deaths, tiptoes into bankruptcy, one ploy in the “complex corporate chess game in which Arthur Sackler excelled.”
A shocking, rousing condemnation of an industry clearly in need of better policing.Pub Date: March 10, 2020
ISBN: 978-1-5011-5189-7
Page Count: 848
Publisher: Avid Reader Press
Review Posted Online: Jan. 11, 2020
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Feb. 1, 2020
For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.
Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979
ISBN: 0061965588
Page Count: 772
Publisher: Harper & Row
Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
Occasionally wonky but overall a good case for how the dismal science can make the world less—well, dismal.
“Quality of life means more than just consumption”: Two MIT economists urge that a smarter, more politically aware economics be brought to bear on social issues.
It’s no secret, write Banerjee and Duflo (co-authors: Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way To Fight Global Poverty, 2011), that “we seem to have fallen on hard times.” Immigration, trade, inequality, and taxation problems present themselves daily, and they seem to be intractable. Economics can be put to use in figuring out these big-issue questions. Data can be adduced, for example, to answer the question of whether immigration tends to suppress wages. The answer: “There is no evidence low-skilled migration to rich countries drives wage and employment down for the natives.” In fact, it opens up opportunities for those natives by freeing them to look for better work. The problem becomes thornier when it comes to the matter of free trade; as the authors observe, “left-behind people live in left-behind places,” which explains why regional poverty descended on Appalachia when so many manufacturing jobs left for China in the age of globalism, leaving behind not just left-behind people but also people ripe for exploitation by nationalist politicians. The authors add, interestingly, that the same thing occurred in parts of Germany, Spain, and Norway that fell victim to the “China shock.” In what they call a “slightly technical aside,” they build a case for addressing trade issues not with trade wars but with consumption taxes: “It makes no sense to ask agricultural workers to lose their jobs just so steelworkers can keep theirs, which is what tariffs accomplish.” Policymakers might want to consider such counsel, especially when it is coupled with the observation that free trade benefits workers in poor countries but punishes workers in rich ones.
Occasionally wonky but overall a good case for how the dismal science can make the world less—well, dismal.Pub Date: Nov. 12, 2019
ISBN: 978-1-61039-950-0
Page Count: 432
Publisher: PublicAffairs
Review Posted Online: Aug. 28, 2019
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Sept. 15, 2019
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