GRADUAL

While many current policy debates reward the loudest voice in the arena, this book sets out a different approach.

Berman and Fox have both had impressive careers in legal reform, often solving problems that once seemed intractable. In this collaboration, they examine the methodology of incremental change, emphasizing that they are drawing on a long tradition of political thinking and policymaking. Most of the great reforms in American society have not been “big bang solutions” but rather well-considered plans implemented over years. In the past decade, activists have moved to positions of demanding radical solutions to social problems, but Berman and Fox provide numerous examples of sudden changes that have gone disastrously wrong, mainly because they failed to understand the real needs of the people affected. The ingredients for good policy are honesty, humility, nuance, and respect, which includes accepting when a policy is failing and being willing to change. Incremental policies, unlike radical upheavals, can be assessed and corrected, as long as administrators are willing to do so. Berman and Fox note that successful, gradual policies often go unnoticed, even when they attain their goals. They point to the media, which prefers splashy announcements to steady improvements, as a culprit. This may be why Americans are so gloomy these days according to opinion polls: The media likes easy stories about problems rather than complex stories about achievements. Activists often scream about the need for urgent action, which makes an entertaining headline, even when a more meticulous approach would be more effective. Berman and Fox also dispute the idea that gradualism inherently supports the status quo, arguing that it is just the opposite. “Incrementalism is nothing less than the endless, ongoing effort to alleviate injustices,” they conclude. “It is a mindset. And it is our best hope for continuing to improve the world even in an age of radical rhetoric.”

A calm, knowledgeable response to noisy radicalism.