THE ONE

The universe explained by a particle physicist.

Päs, a professor of theoretical physics and author of The Perfect Wave, examines “what we actually mean when we talk about ‘the universe.’ ” It can’t be everything we see at night; our Milky Way Galaxy, which has 100 billion stars, is only one of trillions of galaxies. It can’t be everything astronomers see because invisible gas clouds contain 10 times more matter. It can’t be ordinary matter because there is five times more “dark matter,” whose exotic makeup no one understands. The universe itself may be a meaningless concept because there may be an innumerable number of them in an uncountable proliferating “multiverse.” Standing under the stars, Päs feels that he is one with the universe. The notion that everything in the universe is part of one unified whole is called “monism,” a belief that was codified by the ancient Greeks. Most scholars agree that the Greeks invented science and made important discoveries. They also got many things wrong, but Päs focuses on philosophy, where even concepts of “right” and “wrong” are debatable. The author devotes the first third of the book to his specialty, quantum physics, in which “objects get so completely and entirely merged that it is impossible to say anything at all about the properties of their constituents anymore.” Serious explanations of quantum physics require close attention, so most readers will breathe a sigh of relief when Päs switches gears to deliver a history of science and religion in Western culture, which he describes as a battle between Christianity and monistic scholars, who were persecuted until the Renaissance, when modern science revived the ideas of ancient Greece. Päs has no doubt that the great thinkers (e.g., Spinoza and Kant) and scientists (Galileo, Newton, Einstein) were monists. This is difficult stuff, but the glossary helps.

A dense philosophical exploration of the cosmos—not for the faint of heart.