SHADOW MEN

The still-unsolved mysteries surrounding a Jazz Age murder offer a fascinating window into class, privilege, media influence, and criminal justice.

In 1922, the body of Clarence Peters, a 19-year-old "penniless sailor" dishonorably discharged from the Navy for stealing, was discovered by the side of a suburban road with a bullet through his chest. Days later, Walter Ward, the scion of a successful bakery empire, confessed to the shooting. He claimed self-defense, arguing that Peters was one of a gang of blackmailers, "shadow men," who were pursuing him. However, his lurid confession—“as one newspaper noted, the entire tale of blackmail and murder read ‘like a thriller in a dime store novel’”—left out the motive for the alleged blackmail operation. The murder became a local sensation and then a headline story in the national press. Polchin’s engaging tale unfolds throughout New York City, in Gatsby-worthy mansions, impoverished tenements, racetracks, underworld nightspots, and pool halls. Peters hung around Bryant Park, where sailors and soldiers met up with wealthy men willing to pay for sexual favors. Had Ward been entangled in a "muzzle" scheme, leading to blackmail attempts? “Those who have explored the case have usually concluded that queer sexual blackmail was at the heart of the murder,” writes Polchin, and he seems to agree with those conclusions. His previous book, Indecent Advances, concerned the cold-blooded killings of gay men in 20th-century America. If the author doesn’t definitively prove that sexual relations between Peters and Ward drove the latter to murder, neither did the courts. Regardless, Polchin’s investigation yields a compelling social history that makes clear the power of the press, wealth, political clout, and influence in determining legal outcomes and obfuscating the heart of scandalous affairs.

A sensational crime provokes thought about class privilege and injustice in the American legal system.