A wide-ranging study of the Federal Reserve and its almost unrestricted power over the U.S. economy.
“The Fed plays a quiet but critical part in shaping our everyday lives,” writes New York Times financial journalist Smialek in this surprisingly—given its subject—readable account. To fulfill its mission of controlling inflation and employment levels, it essentially has the power to print money without much in the way of oversight. For example, “during the 2008 financial crisis, chair Ben Bernanke unilaterally approved a $600 billion bond-buying program to shore up crumbling markets.” This independence has made the Fed “the most powerful economic institution the modern world has ever known.” It has also come with the understanding that the Fed is apolitical, as Donald Trump discovered when he attempted to bend the institution and its head, Jerome Powell, to his will to make him look good during the economic implosion of 2020. The pandemic figures heavily in Smialek’s detailed, cogent account, as the author illustrates how the bankers and economists who run the Fed are quick to abandon ideology and theory for practical solutions to the problems they face. Some of the Fed’s governors tend to free market fundamentalism, but when faced with crisis, they allow for quantitative easing to increase the liquidity of banks. During the pandemic, the Fed reduced interest rates to zero and allowed foreign banks easier access to dollars in a package indicating that “the Fed was trying to say that it would do whatever it took to restore markets to normality.” In 2021, the Fed’s strategies kept the global economy from collapsing, “demonstrating that the Fed’s powers could be wielded to address more of society’s challenges than anyone had previously imagined.” Today, as Smialek lays out in accessible prose, the Fed has a new battle to fight in attempting to curb inflation, which may bring about “another Fed evolution” in policy and practice.
The best book on the Fed in our time and a model of financial writing.