WHEN THE CLOCK BROKE

A searching history of a time, not so long ago, when the social contract went out the window and Hobbesian war beset America.

As Ganz, the creator of the Substack newsletter Unpopular Front, writes, the early 1990s was a time when social Darwinism pitted the state against the poor, gang wars broke out in big cities, and companies stopped making things and starting dealing in the abstractions of finance. The author credits George H.W. Bush with being “competent within small bounds and small groups,” a fundamentally decent fellow whose clubby Republican Party began to slip into the shadows under the influence of the neo-Nazi David Duke and the Christian nationalist Patrick Buchanan. Both men set a tone that would grow ever more insistent and extremist, eventually culminating in the rise of Trump. “Duke’s entire career would be characterized by attempts to simultaneously gain mainstream recognition and respect and be the predominant leader of the fringe, subcultural world of the Klan and neo-Nazism,” writes the author, a notion that speaks to the current political landscape in the U.S. Yet those two didn’t act alone: Ganz also pins the rise of Trumpism to the neo-Confederate injections of white supremacist writer and editor Sam Francis and New Rightists who insisted that their conservatism was in fact radicalism, just the sort of reimagined Leninism that Steve Bannon would go on to proclaim a few decades later. All of these characters, writes the author, “looked for inspiration among the ideological ruins of earlier times: nationalism, populism, racism, antisemitism, and even fascism.” From the proto-QAnon-ism of Ruby Ridge and Waco to the wacky white-shirt populism of Ross Perot, Ganz makes a convincing, well-documented case that everything old is indeed new again.

A significant, provocative work that joins an ugly past to an uglier present in American democracy’s continued decline.