GOD IN GOTHAM

A history of the practice of religion in New York City from the 1880s to the 1960s.

Historian Butler focuses on the Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish populations of Manhattan during a time when the city was a vibrant, growing center for these major religions—despite fears of the minimalization of faith in the face of modernity. “New York may not have been a sacred city like Mecca or the Vatican,” writes the author, “but it was not for lack of trying. Religion resonated throughout the world’s most populous place, sacralizing every kind of space and linking faith to the press of modern life.” Butler reveals NYC as a microcosm of the nation’s religious life, teeming with energy and vitality even in the midst of cultural secularization and urban troubles. The author deftly tracks how broad social changes and demographic trends came together to shape the role of faith in NYC. For example, he notes how modern, industrial-era thought about management, efficiency, organization, and advertising made a great impact on the ethnically diverse faith communities of Manhattan. Butler also provides a welcome examination of how the Black church developed in NYC. “While European immigrants…were more or less assimilated into the white world, race prejudice against blacks in New York has endured since Africans’ first appearance in the city….Across the period of our concern, the culture of Jim Crow—if not the law—pervaded New York, forcing urban blacks to adapt and follow unique paths to salvation, civic and spiritual.” Throughout, the author acknowledges the contributions of the many thinkers, writers, teachers, and activists who shaped the religious world of the 20th century—among others, Reinhold Niebuhr, Jacques Maritain, Norman Vincent Peale, and Abraham Joshua Heschel. In the latter sections of the narrative, Butler examines the migration of New Yorkers to the suburbs and notes the ways their faith lives survived that change.

An intriguing study of urban faith in the modern age.