THE LITERARY MAFIA

A chronicle of the rise of Jewish editors to important positions in the literary establishment by the 1960s and how they shaped the book industry and the reading public.

On one hand, the concept of a Jewish literary mafia rings antisemitic, especially as decried by predominantly Protestant male authors like Truman Capote and Jack Kerouac. On the other hand, the fact remained that in the early 1900s, the finest publishing houses began to be led by Jews, among the first being Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., founded in 1915, and Simon & Schuster, founded in 1924. Lambert, the director of the Jewish Studies Program at Wellesley College, begins by emphasizing that, until the turn of the 20th century, Jews were largely “literarily disenfranchised” from these positions (as were African Americans, Natives, and other minorities). They were also barred from faculty positions in English programs until the 1930s. The author shows how the next half-century marked enormous changes to Jews’ socio-economic status in the U.S. As significant editors—including Irving Howe, book reviewer at TIME magazine; Barbara Epstein and Robert Silvers, co-founders of the New York Review of Books; and Gordon Lish at Esquire—came on the scene, the publishing industry, both in the U.S. and abroad, experienced an “unprecedented expansion.” Exploring themes like kinship (responsibility to “fellow ethnics”) and homophily (a kind of “cultural gatekeeping”) Lambert, in prose best suited to academics, turns to specific texts to show how the literary establishment grew both nepotistic and meritocratic. Some of the author’s illuminating case studies involve the winners of the National Book Award from 1954 to 1974; Columbia University academic Lionel Trilling’s glowing blurbs for his students (their “shared Jewishness…clearly mattered in the relationships that developed between them”); “whisper novels” by women authors about their paternalistic editors; and the founding of Atheneum in 1959 by Alfred Knopf Jr.

A multilayered scholarly argument for the continued study of “the development of ethnic niches.”