AFTER THE GIG

Noted technology critic, economist, and sociologist Schor examines the appropriation of job-sharing platforms by corporations, to the detriment of working people and consumers alike.

Working with a team of doctoral candidates over a seven-year period, the author documents the rise and fall of what was once a revolutionary idea hatched during the financial collapse of 2008—namely, that “digital technology could solve the problem of work.” One such problem is bad bosses, unneeded when algorithms can do the job of task assignment and supervision; another is the “nine-to-five grind,” obviated by flexible hours; still another is the lack of reasonable pay, which the digital platforms were supposed to remedy by providing close matches in the supply-and-demand realm. Instead, writes Schor, what happened is that the digital platforms fell into the hands of the suits, who increasingly turned a technological revolution into a profit center. “At their worst,” she holds, “the companies have morphed into predatory employers.” Some of those companies are household names—Uber, Lyft, AirBnB—while others might have been. One such case is Zipcar, which rents cars on a short-term basis to city dwellers in need of a run to the grocery or hardware store but who might otherwise have used public transportation, thereby doing nothing to lessen the urban carbon footprint, “a classic case of unintended consequences.” Sharing platforms as originally conceived by techno-libertarians included such things as a community pub, a “time bank” that allowed people to barter services, and a library of sorts that allowed people to borrow tools. Instead, what they’ve devolved to are things like the economic “wild goose chase” by which drivers-for-hire cruise the streets looking for clients and algorithm-driven food-delivery services with punishing fees for restaurateurs. The author, a nimble writer, concludes that “social technology” has to match technology itself, the foremost need being “learning how to share.”

The gig economy is a failure, Schor sharply chronicles—but not one that can’t be redeemed by “cooperation and helping.”