THE GRIMKES

A multigenerational history of an American family that grappled with racism and reform.

Award-winning historian Greenidge offers an absorbing investigation of two branches of the notable Grimke family: sisters Sarah and Angelina Grimke, who became famous for their views on abolition and women’s suffrage; and the descendants of their brother Henry Grimke, a “notoriously violent and sadistic” slave owner who fathered three sons with a Black woman he owned. Drawing on abundant archival sources, the author follows the fortunes of each side of the family as Sarah, Angelina, and Theodore Dwight Weld, Angelina’s husband, positioned themselves within the anti-slavery movement, and Henry Grimke’s sons Archibald and Francis became prominent members of the nation’s “colored elite.” Archibald, a Harvard-educated lawyer, became a co-founder of the Washington, D.C., branch of the NAACP; Francis studied at Princeton Theological Seminary and became the Presbyterian minister of a D.C. church. Guilt led the White Grimkes to be revulsed by slavery: The sisters’ father had owned more than 300, and the girls witnessed the slaves’ merciless treatment at the hands of their parents and brothers. At first, the sisters supported African colonization. Blacks would be happier if they left America, they believed; eventually, however, their views shifted to abolition. Like many other White Americans, they saw the abolition movement as a path to personal redemption and considered Blacks to be “objects of reform” rather than equals worthy of respect. Racism, however, was not limited to the White Grimkes. The Black branch of the family, invested in their belief in racial respectability and material success, distinguished themselves from the “negro masses” whose behavior, values, and prospects they disdained. Greenidge reveals the significant roles of Black women in the family’s complicated history: the sons’ mother, wives, and in-laws; and, notably, Archie’s daughter, poet and playwright Angelina Weld Grimke. The author’s discoveries reveal both “white reformers’ disavowal of their complicity in America’s racial project” and “the limits of interracial alliances.”

A sweeping, insightful, richly detailed family and American history.