THE RUIN OF ALL WITCHES

A contextually rich history of the first witch panic during a tumultuous time in Massachusetts in 1651.

A leading British scholar of witchcraft, Gaskill delves into an Early American version at a fraught time of transition between the medieval and modern worlds. “Witchcraft was not some wild superstition,” he writes, “but a serious expression of disorder embedded in politics, religion and law….Witches were tangible symbols of this chaos.” Following in the wake of political, religious, and economic turmoil in Great Britain, which they were fleeing for land and economic opportunity, the Puritans and other dissenters faced enormous toil and hardship in the small, hard-bitten communities like Springfield, founded in the late 1630s by trader and entrepreneur William Pynchon as an industrious hub in the region. The settlers’ lives were “dominated by piety and toil,” and “beneath the surface of most settlements…coursed dark currents of wrath.” Teeming with envy and contention between neighbors, Springfield, with its 50 households, erupted in discord in 1651. One of the causes was the faltering marriage between Hugh Parsons, a “turbulent English brickmaker and jack-of-all-trades,” and his wife, Mary, likely caused by a combination of overwork, spite, and mental illness. Mary, “depressive and delusional,” accused not only her neighbors of witchcraft, but also her husband. Within an atmosphere of heightened suspicion and bad omens and accusations among other citizens of the small town, Hugh and Mary were both arrested and tried in Boston for witchcraft. Gaskill presents a meticulous, multilayered snapshot of this smoldering society, combining history, theology, and psychological speculation. Around the same time, Pynchon wrote and published a controversial tract that questioned Calvinist orthodoxy, and he was charged with heresy by authorities and sent back to England. Both trials, held in the same week, “pricked a primal fear,” an element that Gaskill investigates insightfully throughout the book.

An elucidating study on the forces that fed witchcraft hysteria in early America.