Of interest to military planners as well as workers in the humanitarian aid/NGO sphere.
Sociological exploration of the role of child soldiers in nonstate military operations.
The use of children in combat was once fairly uncommon, but groups such as the Islamic State and the Tamil Tigers have been systematic in putting young people in the field. In some cases, write Bloom (Communication/Georgia State Univ.; Bombshell: Women and Terrorism, 2011, etc.) and Horgan (Global Studies/Georgia State Univ.; The Psychology of Terrorism, 2014, etc.), the children are forced or coerced to bear arms, while in others, their parents sign them up, whether because they are believers in the cause or because, in the case of IS in places like Syria and Iraq, they receive a stipend for it. Sometimes the children are even willing participants. One 13-year-old Iranian boy who became the first suicide bomber to die in 1980 was hailed as a hero, and “his death was likened to the martyrdom of the Prophet Muhammed’s grandson Hussein (killed at Karbala) and was celebrated by the Ayatollah Khomeini.” Drawing on a wide body of case studies, the authors examine the many ways child soldiers are drawn into their roles—which, in the end, usually turn out to be as cannon fodder. “Child soldiers…are not recruited for the future, but for the present,” they write. “Most die in battle and only a handful ever progress through the ranks to become adult leaders.” In action, too, child soldiers tend to be deadly, making up in savagery what they lack in experience. Can a child, once impressed into the military, ever escape? It happens, write the authors, as sometimes they are thrown out for incompetence, and others run away: “The reality is that most terrorist groups do permit disengagement, to a degree." Even so, they note, accounts by such disengaged children are rare. Bloom and Horgan close with white-paper recommendations for policymakers on how to deal with child soldiers—e.g., “Engage the families and communities of child returnees to better facilitate their reintegration.”
Of interest to military planners as well as workers in the humanitarian aid/NGO sphere.Pub Date: May 15, 2019
ISBN: 978-0-8014-5388-5
Page Count: 240
Publisher: Cornell Univ.
Review Posted Online: March 30, 2019
BOOK REVIEW
For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.
Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979
ISBN: 0061965588
Page Count: 772
Publisher: Harper & Row
Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...
A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.
Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016
ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6
Page Count: 248
Publisher: Random House
Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015
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