THE AGE OF HUMACHINES

A complex, multipart agenda for a future in which humans retain their humanity.

Harvey kicks off his latest book, a follow-up to 2019’s impressive Utopia in the Anthropocene, with a seemingly simple question: What does it mean to be a human on planet Earth? The question, which every society in human history has faced, has become incredibly complicated in the present era by both an ever-worsening climate crisis and the hyperaccelerated technological development that Harvey describes as “the biggest psychological experiment in human history…unregulated, unsupervised and unfolding before our very eyes.” He naturally sees these two vectors as inherently opposed to each other, with climate change leading to large portions of the global South soon becoming uninhabitable for humans, and the technological change leading to a merging of human and machine (“humachination”) that will usher in a new dystopian era the author refers to as the Technocene. Harvey draws on his own background as both an entrepreneur and an organizational psychologist (“the technology of being human, so to speak”) in order to provide alternatives to what he describes as the “fusion of lightly regulated technology and free market capitalism.” In a series of topic-oriented and well-researched chapters, he puts forward a practical vision for steps we can take to avoid the Technocene, from implementing antimonopoly legislation and reforestation policies to restructuring livestock farming, which uses three-quarters of the world’s farmland while providing less than 20% of the world’s caloric consumption (and a sixth of its carbon emissions).

The main strength of Harvey’s book is its comparative lack of naïveté. He’s aware of both the seeming outlandishness of his propositions and the essentially unbeatable corporate, governmental, and social forces arrayed against their implementation. This renders his book far more of a thought-provoking treatise than an actual plan for action. His suggestion of the one solution to the threats of humachination, for instance, is a “permanent moratorium on all advanced AI,” which he readily concedes may require that “all computer programming will have to be confined to relatively simple, highly transparent usages.” Since this kind of adaptation could only be brought about by the physical destruction of all human civilization in something like a catastrophic asteroid strike, and since societies will absolutely never adopt it willingly under any circumstances imaginable, this change and the bulk of Harvey’s other projections quickly begin to feel very utopian indeed. “Egalitarianism can be a tough discipline,” he writes in the understatement of the century, “in that it involves the constant containment of selfish desires.” And it’s in his stout opposition to those selfish desires that Harvey achieves his book’s most stirring narrative thread. At its heart, this book is less about the mechanics of reimagining political, social, scientific, and organizational institutions and more about reimagining “the psychology of the Ecocene, a state in which ecological and egalitarian values become the bedrock of everyday lived experience.” Quite apart from his book’s formidable research grounding, it’s Harvey’s faith in the improvability of humankind, particularly at this dark moment in history, that feels both quixotic and inspiring. Like any good utopian dream.

An intensely intriguing if seemingly unreachable vision of a new future for the world.