Marmot is more successful at delineating a social problem than at solving it, but he provides plenty of ammunition for those...
A close look at the health gap between the richest and better educated and those below them on the socioeconomic scale.
For more than three decades, Marmot (Epidemiology and Public Health/University Coll., London; The Status Syndrome: How Social Standing Affects Our Health and Longevity, 2004, etc.), who will become president of the World Medical Association later this year, has led research groups studying public health. His 2010 study, “Fair Society Healthy Lives,” known as the Marmot Report, proposed ways to reduce health inequalities in England. Here, the author’s canvas is broader as he looks at the social gradient in health in places across the globe, including Brazil, Finland, Eastern Europe, Cuba, Canada, the United States, and many others. Marmot argues that health is directly related to societal issues, that inequities in power, money, and resources give rise to inequities in the conditions of daily living and, thus, to inequities in health. Individual chapters deal with specific areas—child development, education, employment and working conditions, conditions for older people, and development of resilient communities—where changes would reduce health inequalities. While poverty plays a significant role in health, the author makes clear that empowerment is vitally important. Marmot’s text is largely accessible to general readers, sometimes even rather informal and occasionally chatty and personally revealing. However, the abundance of charts throughout the text is off-putting, often breaking the flow of the narrative. This supplementary material, which encapsulates textual information, might better have been placed in an appendix. Marmot’s intent is twofold: to make clear how society’s workings impact health and to point the way to a fairer society. His take-home message—“Do something. Do more. Do it better”—is succinct.
Marmot is more successful at delineating a social problem than at solving it, but he provides plenty of ammunition for those in position to tackle it.Pub Date: Nov. 3, 2015
ISBN: 978-1-63286-078-1
Page Count: 400
Publisher: Bloomsbury
Review Posted Online: June 22, 2015
Kirkus Reviews Issue: July 15, 2015
For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.
Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979
ISBN: 0061965588
Page Count: 772
Publisher: Harper & Row
Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
Occasionally wonky but overall a good case for how the dismal science can make the world less—well, dismal.
“Quality of life means more than just consumption”: Two MIT economists urge that a smarter, more politically aware economics be brought to bear on social issues.
It’s no secret, write Banerjee and Duflo (co-authors: Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way To Fight Global Poverty, 2011), that “we seem to have fallen on hard times.” Immigration, trade, inequality, and taxation problems present themselves daily, and they seem to be intractable. Economics can be put to use in figuring out these big-issue questions. Data can be adduced, for example, to answer the question of whether immigration tends to suppress wages. The answer: “There is no evidence low-skilled migration to rich countries drives wage and employment down for the natives.” In fact, it opens up opportunities for those natives by freeing them to look for better work. The problem becomes thornier when it comes to the matter of free trade; as the authors observe, “left-behind people live in left-behind places,” which explains why regional poverty descended on Appalachia when so many manufacturing jobs left for China in the age of globalism, leaving behind not just left-behind people but also people ripe for exploitation by nationalist politicians. The authors add, interestingly, that the same thing occurred in parts of Germany, Spain, and Norway that fell victim to the “China shock.” In what they call a “slightly technical aside,” they build a case for addressing trade issues not with trade wars but with consumption taxes: “It makes no sense to ask agricultural workers to lose their jobs just so steelworkers can keep theirs, which is what tariffs accomplish.” Policymakers might want to consider such counsel, especially when it is coupled with the observation that free trade benefits workers in poor countries but punishes workers in rich ones.
Occasionally wonky but overall a good case for how the dismal science can make the world less—well, dismal.Pub Date: Nov. 12, 2019
ISBN: 978-1-61039-950-0
Page Count: 432
Publisher: PublicAffairs
Review Posted Online: Aug. 28, 2019
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Sept. 15, 2019
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