THE TRIALS OF MADAME RESTELL

A survey of the early days of anti-abortion activism.

Syrett, a scholar of women’s, gender, and sexuality studies, draws on considerable archival sources to recount the life of British-born Ann Trow Summers Lohman (1812-1878), aka Madame Restell, who became infamous as a women’s health provider. The author examines the social and cultural forces that made her a wealthy celebrity and repeatedly attempted to quash her. Lawmakers, doctors, and vice crusaders sought to limit women’s bodily autonomy and reproductive freedom, and a “nativist outcry” emerged from Americans fearful that allowing abortion for upper- and middle-class married women, thereby limiting the size of their families, would result in a nation overrun with the offspring of fecund immigrants. Abortion foes were also concerned that women who sought to end a pregnancy were rejecting their sacred destiny to be a mother. Furthermore, the American Medical Association was determined to keep women’s bodies firmly under its control. Early in her career, one of Restell’s most energetic detractors was George Washington Dixon, a zealous reporter who published vicious attacks and rejoiced in her arrest in 1841. Public interest in her trial—where her “youth, beauty, black eyes, raven hair, and singular physiognomy” attracted admiring attention—and the 1842 appeal that overturned her conviction, afforded her “enormous amounts of publicity,” which the savvy businesswoman used to her advantage. Throughout her career, she vied with competitors, notably two known as Mrs. Bird and Madame Costello, and she fought accusations of “manslaughter in the second degree for the abortion of a quick child”; of abduction, and of murdering infants. Syrett portrays her as empathetic toward her clients—if less so toward her daughter and brother; strong-willed as she fought against misogyny; and wily in her business dealings. This book is a solid complement to Jennifer Wright’s Madame Restell.

A richly detailed biography of a defiant woman.