A pleasing invitation to act on our most benign impulses to create a sustainable future.
A social scientist and activist makes a case for setting limits on our free-market society.
Patel (Stuffed and Starved: The Hidden Battle for the World Food System, 2008) aims to shake readers out of complacent acceptance of the free-market economy, which has recently gone awry, with devastating consequences. Rather than hoping for a business-as-usual recovery, he writes, we must find new ways of valuing the world other than pricing it and letting the free market sort it out. Patel begins by tracing the roots of the market economy to the works of writers ranging from 19th-century political economist John Stuart Mill to 1992 Nobel laureate in economics Gary Becker, who argues that allowing the market to reign will ensure society’s well-being. Patel derides Becker’s work as encouraging policies that favor the powerful, notably corporations, which seek only to maximize profits and wind up creating significant social costs (degraded ecosystems, etc.) that society must bear. Noting that recent research indicates that humans have built-in desires for altruism and fairness as well as selfishness, the author describes innovative efforts to create a more compassionate society by such groups as La Via Campesina, an international peasant movement that supports family-farm–based sustainable agriculture. “From food rebellions to free software,” he writes, “social movements are at the cutting edge of practical politics and economics, trying to create new ways to control the world without owning it.” A tireless advocate for the developing world, Patel urges readers to consider a new vision of society based on an ethic of stewardship that subordinates property and markets to democratic concerns of equity and sustainability. Much of Patel’s thinking is informed by a Buddhist world view that places the real value of something not on its ability to meet a desire or craving, but to meet the need for well-being.
A pleasing invitation to act on our most benign impulses to create a sustainable future.Pub Date: Jan. 5, 2010
ISBN: 978-0-312-42924-9
Page Count: 240
Publisher: Picador
Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Nov. 1, 2009
BOOK REVIEW
Striking research showing the immense complexity of ordinary thought and revealing the identities of the gatekeepers in our...
A psychologist and Nobel Prize winner summarizes and synthesizes the recent decades of research on intuition and systematic thinking.
The author of several scholarly texts, Kahneman (Emeritus Psychology and Public Affairs/Princeton Univ.) now offers general readers not just the findings of psychological research but also a better understanding of how research questions arise and how scholars systematically frame and answer them. He begins with the distinction between System 1 and System 2 mental operations, the former referring to quick, automatic thought, the latter to more effortful, overt thinking. We rely heavily, writes, on System 1, resorting to the higher-energy System 2 only when we need or want to. Kahneman continually refers to System 2 as “lazy”: We don’t want to think rigorously about something. The author then explores the nuances of our two-system minds, showing how they perform in various situations. Psychological experiments have repeatedly revealed that our intuitions are generally wrong, that our assessments are based on biases and that our System 1 hates doubt and despises ambiguity. Kahneman largely avoids jargon; when he does use some (“heuristics,” for example), he argues that such terms really ought to join our everyday vocabulary. He reviews many fundamental concepts in psychology and statistics (regression to the mean, the narrative fallacy, the optimistic bias), showing how they relate to his overall concerns about how we think and why we make the decisions that we do. Some of the later chapters (dealing with risk-taking and statistics and probabilities) are denser than others (some readers may resent such demands on System 2!), but the passages that deal with the economic and political implications of the research are gripping.
Striking research showing the immense complexity of ordinary thought and revealing the identities of the gatekeepers in our minds.Pub Date: Nov. 1, 2011
ISBN: 978-0-374-27563-1
Page Count: 512
Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Review Posted Online: Sept. 3, 2011
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Sept. 15, 2011
BOOK REVIEW
IN THE NEWS
These are not hard and fast rules, but Meyer delivers important reading for those engaged in international business.
A helpful guide to working effectively with people from other cultures.
“The sad truth is that the vast majority of managers who conduct business internationally have little understanding about how culture is impacting their work,” writes Meyer, a professor at INSEAD, an international business school. Yet they face a wider array of work styles than ever before in dealing with clients, suppliers and colleagues from around the world. When is it best to speak or stay quiet? What is the role of the leader in the room? When working with foreign business people, failing to take cultural differences into account can lead to frustration, misunderstanding or worse. Based on research and her experiences teaching cross-cultural behaviors to executive students, the author examines a handful of key areas. Among others, they include communicating (Anglo-Saxons are explicit; Asians communicate implicitly, requiring listeners to read between the lines), developing a sense of trust (Brazilians do it over long lunches), and decision-making (Germans rely on consensus, Americans on one decider). In each area, the author provides a “culture map scale” that positions behaviors in more than 20 countries along a continuum, allowing readers to anticipate the preferences of individuals from a particular country: Do they like direct or indirect negative feedback? Are they rigid or flexible regarding deadlines? Do they favor verbal or written commitments? And so on. Meyer discusses managers who have faced perplexing situations, such as knowledgeable team members who fail to speak up in meetings or Indians who offer a puzzling half-shake, half-nod of the head. Cultural differences—not personality quirks—are the motivating factors behind many behavioral styles. Depending on our cultures, we understand the world in a particular way, find certain arguments persuasive or lacking merit, and consider some ways of making decisions or measuring time natural and others quite strange.
These are not hard and fast rules, but Meyer delivers important reading for those engaged in international business.Pub Date: May 27, 2014
ISBN: 978-1-61039-250-1
Page Count: 288
Publisher: PublicAffairs
Review Posted Online: April 15, 2014
Kirkus Reviews Issue: May 1, 2014
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