An impressive and accessible work of scholarship.
Selective survey of how thinking about the self changed in 18th-century Britain, designed to be a sequel to The Creation of the Modern World: The British Enlightenment (2000).
Porter (Social History of Medicine/University College, London), who died in 2002, presents a gallery of literate men who formed thinking about personal identity during the Age of Reason. It was a time, he writes, when “opinion-shaping elites” were abandoning or reinterpreting entrenched Christian doctrines about the body and the soul, finding Christian preoccupation with the flesh vulgar and implausible. After an introductory examination of these doctrines and a brief look at some cultural changes—growing literacy, commercialism, increased privacy—that fostered questioning of old truths, the author focuses on some of those who challenged traditional thinking. Making no pretence of being encyclopedic, he selects a few pivotal pieces of writing, among them Addison and Steele’s essays in The Spectator; the Earl of Shaftesbury’s treatise, Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times; Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels and Tale of a Tub; Johnson’s Dictionary; Gibbon’s Memoirs; and Sterne’s riotous picaresque Tristram Shandy. Porter quotes freely from these and from the works of such men as Erasmus Darwin, William Godwin, and Robert Owen to illustrate how the self was being secularized, the emphasis shifting from the Christian idea of the immortal soul incorporated in a weak body to a model of the self that stressed consciousness, or the mind. Among the ways in which this shift manifested itself, Porter notes, was increased emphasis on the perfection of life on earth and of worldly happiness as an end in itself. Attitudes toward corporal punishment consequently shifted, as did thinking about the treatment of the insane, education of children, witchcraft, illness, and alcoholism. As usual, Porter’s wit and erudition are evident throughout.
An impressive and accessible work of scholarship.Pub Date: Feb. 1, 2004
ISBN: 0-393-05075-0
Page Count: 660
Publisher: Norton
Review Posted Online: May 19, 2010
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 2004
Dogged original research and superb narrative skills come together in this gripping account of pitiless evil.
Greed, depravity, and serial murder in 1920s Oklahoma.
During that time, enrolled members of the Osage Indian nation were among the wealthiest people per capita in the world. The rich oil fields beneath their reservation brought millions of dollars into the tribe annually, distributed to tribal members holding "headrights" that could not be bought or sold but only inherited. This vast wealth attracted the attention of unscrupulous whites who found ways to divert it to themselves by marrying Osage women or by having Osage declared legally incompetent so the whites could fleece them through the administration of their estates. For some, however, these deceptive tactics were not enough, and a plague of violent death—by shooting, poison, orchestrated automobile accident, and bombing—began to decimate the Osage in what they came to call the "Reign of Terror." Corrupt and incompetent law enforcement and judicial systems ensured that the perpetrators were never found or punished until the young J. Edgar Hoover saw cracking these cases as a means of burnishing the reputation of the newly professionalized FBI. Bestselling New Yorker staff writer Grann (The Devil and Sherlock Holmes: Tales of Murder, Madness, and Obsession, 2010, etc.) follows Special Agent Tom White and his assistants as they track the killers of one extended Osage family through a closed local culture of greed, bigotry, and lies in pursuit of protection for the survivors and justice for the dead. But he doesn't stop there; relying almost entirely on primary and unpublished sources, the author goes on to expose a web of conspiracy and corruption that extended far wider than even the FBI ever suspected. This page-turner surges forward with the pacing of a true-crime thriller, elevated by Grann's crisp and evocative prose and enhanced by dozens of period photographs.
Dogged original research and superb narrative skills come together in this gripping account of pitiless evil.Pub Date: April 18, 2017
ISBN: 978-0-385-53424-6
Page Count: 352
Publisher: Doubleday
Review Posted Online: Feb. 1, 2017
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Feb. 15, 2017
BOOK TO SCREEN
BOOK TO SCREEN
BOOK TO SCREEN
For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.
Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979
ISBN: 0061965588
Page Count: 772
Publisher: Harper & Row
Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
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