VAGABOND PRINCESS

A historian of India reveals the lush world of a 16th-century Mughal princess and her extraordinary pilgrimage to Mecca in 1578.

Lal, a professor of South Asian studies and author of Empress: The Astonishing Reign of Nur Jahan, brings us the fascinating story of Gulbadan Begum (1523-1603), daughter of Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire. In her position, she became a valuable literary witness to this rich period of Indian history. Deeply immersed in the early nomadic lifestyle of the court, which “inhabited the urbanity of Persian culture,” Gulbadan, at age 6, moved from the royal household in Kabul to Agra when Babur subdued Hindustan and needed “extensive settlement in this new land.” Raised by several of the emperor’s wives, within a deeply erudite and warlike culture, Gulbadan suffered the death of her father in 1530 and witnessed the beginning of the rule of her nephew Akbar, whose long reign (as a contemporary of Queen Elizabeth I) achieved the apotheosis of Mughal power and glory in India. Akbar permitted Gulbadan and a dozen other aristocratic women to travel the dangerous pilgrimage route to Mecca, where they caused such a sensation that Sultan Murad III of Turkey, custodian of the holy sites, ultimately evicted them. The entourage then wandered for four mysterious years, which Lal tracks through Gulbadan’s own book, which she called Conditions in the Age of Humayun Badshah. The author’s impressive scholarship encompasses Gulbadan’s immense influences and distinctive style, and she successfully raises this “audacious and unclassifiable” account of a keen observer and chronicler of her age into the literary ranks it deserves. Only one copy of this work survives, translated by Annette Beveridge, “a British colonial-era scholar,” in the 1890s. Lal also includes a helpful cast of characters at the beginning.

Finally, a serious consideration of Gulbadan’s achievement, long “sidelined by modern historians.”