OLAV AUDUNSSØN

The second volume in Undset’s tetralogy finds its eponymous hero battling one enemy and one moral quandary after another.

The time is the 1300s, when Norway’s king declares that his people are no longer to go out raiding as Vikings but instead are to settle down into peaceable occupations: “Men were supposed to believe, whether they liked it or not, that God would not tolerate anyone plundering a fellow Christian, even if he happened to be a foreigner.” Ask a Viking to make nice, though, and you’ve got a problem on your hands. Olav, having been an outlaw raider after killing a member of his betrothed’s family, now tries to settle down with Ingunn Steinfinnsdatter on his ancestral estate east of Oslo Fjord. It’s not an easy transition. Olav is on his way to being a good Christian, but even so the Viking is strong in him: “He was…aware that he was supposed to show remorse because the murder was considered a sin, even though he couldn’t understand why it was so sinful,” writes Undset of his original sin (but not his first killing, and not his last). In the second volume of the four devoted to Olav, we find him constantly wrestling with a conscience newly awakened by conversations with learned priests—all Catholic, naturally, considering the time, a matter that brought controversy to Undset when the novel was published in officially Lutheran Norway in 1925. He also wrestles with the presence of the son his wife bore to another man, whom Olav also killed; the boy is a constant reminder of her infidelity, even as one child after another of Olav’s is stillborn or dies soon after birth. Ingunn weakens and ages while Olav remains handsome and strong, though riven by doubt. A bonus in the story: As the volume winds to an end, Olav meets a kind fellow named Lavrans Bjørgulfssøn, who, readers may recall, is the father of the protagonist of Undset’s best-known novel, Kristin Lavransdatter.

Shrouded in sorrow and Scandinavian gloom and a central part of a masterwork of modernist literature.