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THE LIMOUSINE LIBERAL

HOW AN INCENDIARY IMAGE UNITED THE RIGHT AND FRACTURED AMERICA

Provocative, timely, and immensely rewarding reading.

The story of one of the longest-lasting negative metaphors in America politics: the limousine liberal.

In this rich, incisive book, Fraser (The Age of Acquiescence: The Life and Death of American Resistance to Organized Wealth and Power, 2015, etc.) traces the complex history of a political metaphor intended to characterize hypocritical liberals who live self-satisfied lives of elitism and decadence while feigning deep concern for the poor. The term was first coined during John Lindsay’s 1969 New York mayoral campaign; his Democratic opponent, Mario Procaccino of the Bronx, described the election as a contest between affluent Manhattan reformers (who rode in limos, not subway cars) and the working-class outer boroughs. In their classic incarnation, limousine liberals are wealthy, socially connected graduates of tony prep schools and Ivy League colleges. In fact, writes Fraser, the term now signifies the lifestyle of diverse individuals, from actors Ben Affleck and George Clooney, who are “excoriated for the same conspicuously empty moralizing and self-righteous gesturing,” to Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan Chase, who supported Barack Obama’s first presidential campaign. Based largely in Wall Street, Silicon Valley, and Hollywood, and with the New Yorker as their house organ, these liberals have spurred “an enduring politics of resentment directed against most of the major reforms of the last seventy-five years,” including civil rights, women’s liberation, and the welfare state. Indeed, the limousine liberal epithet has fueled right-wing populist politics in America. The author examines the long prehistory of animosity against cosmopolitan America, as evinced by the Scopes trial and the Ku Klux Klan and right-wing populists from Huey Long and Father Charles Coughlin through today’s tea party. Noting that limousine liberals have been seen as threatening “the integrity of the family, racial hierarchy, and the virility of the homeland,” Fraser conveys the ferocity of America’s culture wars in his sharp observations, which often cut uncomfortably close to the bone: “Awash in white guilt, [limousine liberals] genuflect before impassioned journalists like Ta-Nehisi Coates.”

Provocative, timely, and immensely rewarding reading.

Pub Date: May 10, 2016

ISBN: 978-0-465-05566-1

Page Count: 288

Publisher: Basic Books

Review Posted Online: March 13, 2016

Kirkus Reviews Issue: April 1, 2016

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A PEOPLE'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES

For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.

Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979

ISBN: 0061965588

Page Count: 772

Publisher: Harper & Row

Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979

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WHEN BREATH BECOMES AIR

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...

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A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.

Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”

A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.

Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016

ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6

Page Count: 248

Publisher: Random House

Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015

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