A scholarly framework for regulating AI technology, with an eye toward enhancing choice while promoting the social good.
Two academic specialists look down the road at the evolution of AI and how to control it.
Discussions about how to regulate digital technology are inevitably heated and labyrinthine, with the participants often failing to agree on even the most basic of precepts. Anyone approaching this book with the expectation that Gasser, a professor in technology and social sciences at the Technical University of Munich, and Mayer-Schönberger, a professor of internet governance and regulation at Oxford, will lay out a one-size-fits-all model of regulation will be disappointed. Instead, the authors focus on establishing a conceptual framework that sets clear boundaries while still allowing for innovation and the capacity to change with dynamic circumstances. They use guardrails as an extended metaphor, looking at a wide array of cases, including the European Union’s attempts at tech regulation and the rules governing contributions to Wikipedia. Most attempts to date have shortcomings, but they provide lessons on how to balance competing concerns. Neither tech specialists nor ethicists can understand all the issues, and the proposals put forward by Gasser and Mayer-Schönberger involve collaboration and a willingness to compromise. The authors are wary of the “black boxes” in which AI systems operate, and they believe that handing decision-making power to machines is a dangerous path. An example of unintended consequences is the case where an algorithm rejected mortgage applications because they were made by Black applicants. The designers of algorithms must be able to explain exactly what is happening in an AI “box,” and algorithms need to be constructed to take into account social concerns, with ample provision for human oversight. Gasser and Mayer-Schönberger have interesting things to say about the topic, but the book is a dense, complex read, written with an academic audience in mind.
A scholarly framework for regulating AI technology, with an eye toward enhancing choice while promoting the social good.Pub Date: March 5, 2024
ISBN: 9780691150680
Page Count: 240
Publisher: Princeton Univ.
Review Posted Online: Sept. 22, 2023
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2023
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
For Howard Zinn, long-time civil rights and anti-war activist, history and ideology have a lot in common. Since he thinks that everything is in someone's interest, the historian—Zinn posits—has to figure out whose interests he or she is defining/defending/reconstructing (hence one of his previous books, The Politics of History). Zinn has no doubts about where he stands in this "people's history": "it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people's movements of resistance." So what we get here, instead of the usual survey of wars, presidents, and institutions, is a survey of the usual rebellions, strikes, and protest movements. Zinn starts out by depicting the arrival of Columbus in North America from the standpoint of the Indians (which amounts to their standpoint as constructed from the observations of the Europeans); and, after easily establishing the cultural disharmony that ensued, he goes on to the importation of slaves into the colonies. Add the laborers and indentured servants that followed, plus women and later immigrants, and you have Zinn's amorphous constituency. To hear Zinn tell it, all anyone did in America at any time was to oppress or be oppressed; and so he obscures as much as his hated mainstream historical foes do—only in Zinn's case there is that absurd presumption that virtually everything that came to pass was the work of ruling-class planning: this amounts to one great indictment for conspiracy. Despite surface similarities, this is not a social history, since we get no sense of the fabric of life. Instead of negating the one-sided histories he detests, Zinn has merely reversed the image; the distortion remains.
Pub Date: Jan. 1, 1979
ISBN: 0061965588
Page Count: 772
Publisher: Harper & Row
Review Posted Online: May 26, 2012
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Jan. 1, 1979
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular...
A neurosurgeon with a passion for literature tragically finds his perfect subject after his diagnosis of terminal lung cancer.
Writing isn’t brain surgery, but it’s rare when someone adept at the latter is also so accomplished at the former. Searching for meaning and purpose in his life, Kalanithi pursued a doctorate in literature and had felt certain that he wouldn’t enter the field of medicine, in which his father and other members of his family excelled. “But I couldn’t let go of the question,” he writes, after realizing that his goals “didn’t quite fit in an English department.” “Where did biology, morality, literature and philosophy intersect?” So he decided to set aside his doctoral dissertation and belatedly prepare for medical school, which “would allow me a chance to find answers that are not in books, to find a different sort of sublime, to forge relationships with the suffering, and to keep following the question of what makes human life meaningful, even in the face of death and decay.” The author’s empathy undoubtedly made him an exceptional doctor, and the precision of his prose—as well as the moral purpose underscoring it—suggests that he could have written a good book on any subject he chose. Part of what makes this book so essential is the fact that it was written under a death sentence following the diagnosis that upended his life, just as he was preparing to end his residency and attract offers at the top of his profession. Kalanithi learned he might have 10 years to live or perhaps five. Should he return to neurosurgery (he could and did), or should he write (he also did)? Should he and his wife have a baby? They did, eight months before he died, which was less than two years after the original diagnosis. “The fact of death is unsettling,” he understates. “Yet there is no other way to live.”
A moving meditation on mortality by a gifted writer whose dual perspectives of physician and patient provide a singular clarity.Pub Date: Jan. 19, 2016
ISBN: 978-0-8129-8840-6
Page Count: 248
Publisher: Random House
Review Posted Online: Sept. 29, 2015
Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 15, 2015
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